…It is not clear when the European word melancholia was first introduced to Japan, but it is certain that it was introduced by Dutch physicians in the Edo period. For example, in the 18-volume translation of Johannes de Gorter's (1689-1762) internal medicine book (1744) by Udagawa Genzui, the term melancholia, written in Chinese characters, appears along with its free translation, choleretic black disease. After Komori Tou (Genryo) (1782-1843) and others suggested translations such as utsusho, utsusyuu, and utsukyo, it was not until the 5-volume translation of Taiseihokan (1827), also edited by Komori, that the word utsuyuubyou finally appeared with the furigana for melancholia. Thus, European melancholia is linked to Japanese "kiutsu" (depression), but as mentioned above, the former originates from the humoral pathology of ancient Greek and Roman medicine, while the latter originates from the pathology of "ki" (energy) that is dominant in Oriental medicine, and this pathological difference also leads to a difference in symptomology between melancholia and Japanese "utsu" (depression). *Some of the terminology referenced in "Gorter, J.de" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ヨーロッパ語としてのメランコリーがいつ日本に初めて伝えられたかははっきりしないが,江戸期の蘭方医がこれを仲介していることは確かである。たとえばゴルテルJohannes de Gorter(1689‐1762)の内科書(1744)を宇田川玄随が邦訳した《西説内科撰要》全18巻(1793‐1810)には,メランコリアを漢字に当てた〈黙朗格里亜〉の用語が,その意訳である〈胆液敗黒病〉とともに現れており,ついで,小森桃塢(とうう)(玄良)(1782‐1843)らによって〈鬱証〉〈鬱愁〉〈鬱狂〉などの訳語が提出されたあと,おなじく小森の編集になる《泰西方鑑》全5巻(1827)にいたり,ようやく〈鬱憂病〉の語が〈メランコリア〉のルビをつけて登場する。こうしてヨーロッパ的なメランコリーが,日本的な〈気鬱〉と結びつくわけだが,既述のとおり,前者が古代ギリシア・ローマ医学の体液病理学から発しているのに対し,後者は東洋医学に支配的な〈気〉の病理学に由来しており,この病理学上の差はメランコリーと日本的〈鬱〉との症候論上のちがいをも導いている。… ※「Gorter,J.de」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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