…Monis believed that the mental symptoms of psychiatric patients could be improved by blocking the neural pathways leading to the frontal lobe, and he demonstrated a method of coagulating nerve fibers by injecting absolute alcohol into the white matter of the frontal lobe, and a surgical method using a leucotome. However, Monis' original method, frontal leucotomy, was not widely performed in Europe, and was rather developed in the United States by W. Freeman, J. W. Watts, and others. In Japan, it was performed as one of the psychiatric treatment methods, especially for a period after World War II. However, with the introduction of psychotropic drugs and the irreversible effects on the brain, it caused irreparable aftereffects, and the effectiveness of the treatment was questionable, so the surgery itself was severely criticized and is no longer performed. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Freeman, W." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…モーニスは,精神病者の精神症状は前頭葉に至る神経経路を遮断することによって改善されると考え,前頭葉白質内への無水アルコールの注入による神経繊維の凝固,および白質切截器leucotomeによる手術法を明らかにした。しかしモーニスの原法である前頭葉白質切截術frontal leucotomyはヨーロッパではあまり行われず,むしろアメリカにおいてフリーマンW.Freeman,ワッツJ.W.Wattsらによって発展させられた。日本では,とくに第2次大戦後の一時期,精神科の治療法の一つとして施行されていたが,向精神薬の導入や,脳に回復不能な影響を与えるだけに,とり返しのつかない後遺症をもたらし,治療効果にも疑問があるなどから,手術そのものへの厳しい批判もあり,行われなくなっている。… ※「Freeman,W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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