…The leading role in the founding of the State of Israel was played by Zionists who had immigrated from Russia and Eastern Europe and were influenced by socialism, and the Mapai-Labor Party, which followed their lead, had influential people and a strong support base in all sectors of Israeli society. All successive prime ministers up until 1977 were from the Mapai-Labor Party, from Ben-Gurion (in office 1948-54, 1955-62), who served as the first and third prime minister, to Moshe Sharett (1954-55), Levi Eshkol (1962-68), Golda Meir (1968-74), and Yitzhak Rabin (1974-77). However, in the general election of May 1977, the Labor Party coalition (a coalition between the Labor Party and the left-wing socialist Mapam Party) fell to second place for the first time, and Likud (meaning "unity"), centered around the Herut Ḥerut Party, which had been a perennial opposition party, rose to become the largest party, forming a coalition government of right-wing, center-right, and religious forces. Herut Party leader Menachem Begin (1913-92) became prime minister. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Eshkol, L." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…イスラエル建国のために主導的役割を果たしたのは,ロシア・東欧から移住してきた,社会主義の影響を受けたシオニストたちであったが,その流れを汲むマパイ=労働党はイスラエル社会のあらゆる分野で有力な人材と強力な支持層を擁していたからである。初代および第3代の首相を務めたベン・グリオン(在任1948‐54,1955‐62)以下,第2代のモシェ・シャレットMoshe Sharett(1954‐55),第4代のレビ・エシュコルLevi Eshkol(1962‐68),第5代のゴルダ・メイア(1968‐74),第6代のイツハク・ラビンYitzhak Rabin(1974‐77)と,1977年まで歴代の首相はすべてマパイ=労働党によって占められていた。 ところが77年5月の総選挙において労働党連合(労働党と左派社会主義政党マパームMapam党との連合)ははじめて第2党に転落し,万年野党のごとき存在であったヘルートḤerut党を中核とするリクードLikud(〈統一〉を意味する)が第1党に進出して右派・中道・宗教勢力の連立政権が樹立され,ヘルート党首メナヘム・ベギンMenachem Begin(1913‐92)が首相に就任した。… ※「Eshkol,L.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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