Gaddafi

Japanese: カダフィー

Libyan soldier and politician. Born to a nomad family. While attending military academy in Benghazi, he formed the Free Officers with his classmates. In September 1969, he ousted King Idris in a bloodless coup, seized full power, and became head of state. He pursued radical policies based on his own political ideology, earning him the nickname of the Middle East's wild man. He received national support for having reclaimed oil resources from international oil companies. At the end of 2003, he declared that he had abandoned plans to develop weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons. In September 2004, the United States lifted its own economic sanctions, and in May 2006, Libya normalized relations with the United States for the first time in 26 years, and in June of the same year, the United States removed its designation of Libya as a state sponsor of terrorism. In February 2011, demonstrations demanding the release of human rights activists held in Benghazi clashed with police and Gaddafi supporters, spreading to several cities. The government deployed security forces to try to suppress the protests in various places by force, resulting in many casualties within a few days. Anti-government demonstrations spread rapidly, and some of the military joined in, leading to the anti-government forces taking control of Benghazi. Anti-government demonstrations also took place in the capital, Tripoli, and its surrounding areas, and the Gaddafi regime responded by deploying fighter jets, heavy weapons, and tanks to launch indiscriminate attacks. The Libyan deputy ambassador to the UN, followed by the UN ambassador, gave speeches condemning Gaddafi at the UN, and all members of the Libyan mission to the UN announced their departure from the Gaddafi regime, and several Libyan ambassadors announced their resignations. The UN Security Council held an emergency meeting to condemn the Gaddafi regime's attacks on the Libyan people. The rebels took control of eastern Libya and headed for Tripoli, weakening the Gaddafi regime's unifying power, and international reports said it was only a matter of time before the regime was overthrown. On February 26, Gaddafi gave a speech in Tripoli, urging the people to fight the rebels to the death, and launched a full-scale counterattack using the air force and mercenaries. The rebels, who were inferior in equipment, were gradually forced to retreat and requested military intervention from various countries. The United Nations resolution to establish a no-fly zone over Libya was not adopted due to opposition from the United States, Russia, and China, and the Gaddafi regime continued to attack areas controlled by the rebels, putting the anti-Gaddafi forces at a disadvantage. In February, the anti-Gaddafi forces formed the Libyan National Council, and in March they established an executive committee chaired by Mahmoud Jibril as a provisional cabinet. On March 12, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution authorizing the creation of a no-fly zone in Libya and the authorization of airstrikes (Russia, China, India, Germany, and Brazil abstained). Led by French President Sarkozy, a multinational force led by the UK, US, and France began airstrikes on the Gaddafi regime, and on March 27, military command was handed over to NATO forces. Gaddafi declared a fight to the death and intensified his counterattack. The battle continued to go back and forth, but the Council forces, supported by NATO forces, gradually gained the upper hand and recaptured the capital, Tripoli, at the end of August. In October, the Council forces took control of Sirte, Gaddafi's hometown, and on October 20, Gaddafi was pulled out of a water pipe in Sirte and killed. Al Jazeera broadcast footage of the incident to the world.
→ Related article Arab Spring | Libya

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

リビアの軍人，政治家。遊牧民の子として生まれる。ベンガジの士官学校在学中に同期生らと自由将校団を結成。1969年９月，無血クーデタによってイドリース国王を追放，全権を掌握して，国家元首となる。独自の政治理念に基づく急進的な政策をとり，中東の暴れん坊の異名をとる。国際石油資本から，石油資源を取り戻したとして，国民的な支持があった。2003年末，核兵器をふくむ大量破壊兵器開発計画の放棄を言明。2004年９月米国は独自の経済制裁を解除，2006年５月には26年ぶりに米国との関係正常化を果たし，同年６月米国はリビアに対するテロ支援国家指定を解除した。2011年２月，ベンガジで拘留されている人権活動家らの釈放要求のデモが警官・カダフィー支持勢力と衝突，デモは複数の都市に拡大し，政府は治安部隊を投入して，各地の抗議行動を武力で制圧しようとしたため，数日のうちに多数の死傷者が出た。反政府デモは一気に拡大，軍の一部もこれに同調し，反政府勢力がベンガジを制圧。反政府デモは首都トリポリとその周辺でも起こり，これに対してカダフィー政権は戦闘機，重火器，戦車を投入して無差別攻撃をはじめた。リビア国連次席大使，次いで国連大使が，国連でカダフィー非難演説を行い，国連リビア代表部全員がカダフィー政権からの離反を表明，数ヵ国のリビア大使が辞任を表明した。国連安保理は緊急会合でリビア国民へのカダフィー政権の攻撃を非難。反政府側はリビア東部を制圧しトリポリに向かい，カダフィー政権の求心力は低下，政権打倒は時間の問題という国際報道も流れた。２月26日，カダフィーはトリポリで演説，国民に反政府派との徹底抗戦を訴え，空軍と傭兵を使って総反撃に出，装備に劣る反政府側は次第に後退を余儀なくされ，各国に軍事介入を要請した。リビア上空飛行禁止空域設定の国連決議は，アメリカ・ロシア・中国の反対で採択されず，反政府側制圧地域へのカダフィー政権の攻撃が続き反カダフィー派は劣勢に立たされた。２月，反カダフィー勢力は，リビア国民評議会を結成，３月には暫定内閣としてマフムード・ジブリールを委員長とする執行委員会を設置した。３月12日国連安保理はリビアに対する飛行禁止区域設定と空爆容認の決議を採択（棄権ロシア・中国・インド・ドイツ・ブラジル），フランス・サルコジ大統領が主導し，英米仏を中心とする多国籍軍がカダフィー政権側に空爆を開始し，３月27日軍事的指揮権をNATO軍に引き継いだ。カダフィーは徹底抗戦を表明，反撃を強めた。その後一進一退の戦況が続いたが，NATO軍の支援を受けた評議会軍が次第に優勢となり，８月末首都トリポリを奪還した。10月，評議会軍はカダフィーの出身地シルトを制圧，10月20日，シルト市内の配水管に潜んでいたカダフィーが引き出され殺害された。その模様を伝える映像が，アルジャジーラによって世界に配信された。
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