Wang Shimin - Wang Shimin

China's first literati painter in the late Ming and Qing dynasties. One of the so-called Four Kings Wu Yun (the others being Wang Jian, Wang Hui, Wang Yuanqi, Wu Li, and Yun Ge), he is considered the foremost father of literati painting in the Qing dynasty. His pen name was Xunzhi, and his pen names included Yanke, Xilu Laofan, and Nishitian Shujin. Born into a noble family in Taicang, Jiangsu Province (grandson of Minister of Personnel Wang Xijue), he served the Ming dynasty, and at the beginning of the Chongzhen era (1628-1644) became a junior minister of the Dachang Temple (Fengchang), hence his name Wang Fengchang. He did not serve the Qing dynasty, but retired to his hometown to teach the next generation. He was highly educated and skilled in poetry and calligraphy, and was particularly skilled in calligraphy. He studied painting under Dong Qichang, and was particularly fond of Huang Gongwang, studying his style and inheriting it. His pupils included Wang Hui and his grandson Wang Yuanqi. His main works include "Xilu Inscription" and "Wang Fengchang Inscription on Calligraphy and Painting".

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末清(しん)初の文人画家。いわゆる四王呉惲(しおうごうん)（ほかに王鑑(おうかん)、王翬(おうき)、王原祁(おうげんき)、呉歴(ごれき)、惲格(うんかく)）の一人で、その筆頭にあげられる清代文人画の祖。字(あざな)は遜之(そんし)、号は煙客、西廬(せいろ)老人、西田主人など。江蘇(こうそ)省太倉(たいそう)の名家（吏部尚書王錫爵(おうしゃくしゅく)の孫）の出で、明朝に仕え、崇禎(すうてい)（1628～44）の初め大常寺少卿(しょうきょう)（奉常）になったため王奉常ともいわれる。清朝には仕えず、故郷に退居して後進を指導した。博学で詩文ならびに書をよくし、とくに書は八分(はっぷん)に優れた。画は董其昌(とうきしょう)に師事し、とくに黄公望(こうこうぼう)に傾倒し、研究してその画風を受け継いだ。弟子に王翬、孫に王原祁が出た。おもな著に『西廬題跋(だいばつ)』『王奉常書画題跋』などがある。

［星山晋也］

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