Wang Shizhen - Wang Shizhen

A poet of the Qing dynasty in China. His real name was Jin. He changed his name to Shizheng to avoid the given name of Emperor Yongzheng, but was given the name Shizhen by Emperor Qianlong. His pen name was Yishang, his title was Ruan Ting, and he was also called Yuyang Shanren. He was born in Xincheng, Jinan Prefecture, Shandong Province. He was a Jinshi in 1658 (the 15th year of Shunzhi). When he was 11 years old, Qing soldiers entered Beijing, and he experienced the turmoil at the end of the Ming dynasty and the beginning of the Qing dynasty as a boy. As he grew up, he served the Qing dynasty, and held the positions of Yangzhou Prefect and Attendant Reader, before becoming Minister of Justice. In his later years, he became acquainted with Qian Qianyi, and together with Zhu Yizun, he was called the King of the South and the North. He established the style of poetry in the Qing Dynasty and is its representative poet. He is the originator of the theory of divine yun in the theory of the three great poems of the Qing Dynasty. With his debut work, the four poems of "Autumn Willow," he established a symbolic and elegant style of poetry early on, and in a place isolated from his political life, he developed a world of works that was calm and tranquil with a somewhat artificial feel. His ideal was a Zen-like state that left an infinite lingering impression without words. Based on this standard, in his compilation of "Tang Xian Sammai Collection," he chose Wang Wei and Meng Haoran most, but did not choose Li Bai or Du Fu. This showed which poets had the most divine yun. In his past poetry theories, he most respected "Canglang Poetry" by Yan Yu of the Song Dynasty. His study room was called Taikeidō, and his poetry collection, Taikeidō-shu, consisted of 92 volumes. He was also good at classical Japanese and poetry. The 12 volumes of Gyoyō Sanren Seika-lu, a carefully selected collection of his masterpieces, are in circulation. His essay collections include Juyi-lu and Chibei-ga-dan, and his travelogue Shudao-yaki-ji, and he has also published the Zenshu of Gyoyō Sanren.

[Ichiro Sato]

"Hashimoto Jun, "Chinese Poetry Series 23: Wang Yuyang" (1965, Shueisha)" ▽ "Takahashi Kazumi's Annotated "Chinese Poets Collection 2, 13: Wang Shizhen" New Edition (1990, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Fukumoto Masakazu, "Late Ming, Early Qing, Volume 2" (1993, Dohosha Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代の詩人。本名は禛(しん)。雍正帝(ようせいてい)の諱(いみな)を避けて、士正と改名したが、乾隆帝(けんりゅうてい)から士禎の名を賜った。字(あざな)は貽上(いじょう)、号は阮亭(げんてい)、また漁洋山人。山東省済南府新城の出身。1658年（順治15）の進士。11歳のときに清兵が北京(ペキン)に入城し、明(みん)末清初の動乱を少年時代に体験した。長じて清に仕え、官は揚州司理、侍読(じどく)を経て刑部尚書に達した。晩年の銭謙益(せんけんえき)の知遇を得、朱彝尊(しゅいそん)とともに南朱北王と並称された。彼は清朝風の詩の確立者であり、その代表詩人である。清代の三大詩説では、神韻説の首唱者である。その出世作「秋柳」4首により、早くも象徴的で清麗な詩風を確立し、彼の政治生活と隔絶されたところで、やや人工的な感じを伴う平淡で静謐(せいひつ)な作品世界を展開する。言外に無限の余韻の残る禅的な境地こそ、その理想とするところである。この標準により彼の編集した『唐賢三昧(さんまい)集』では王維(おうい)、孟浩然(もうこうねん)をもっとも多くとり、李白(りはく)、杜甫(とほ)は選んでいない。これによって、どの詩人に神韻が多く表れているかを示した。彼は過去の詩論では、宋(そう)の厳羽(げんう)の『滄浪詩話(そうろうしわ)』をもっとも尊重する。書室を帯経堂(たいけいどう)といい、詩文集には『帯経堂集』92巻がある。古文と詞(し)もその得意とするところであった。名作を精選した『漁洋山人精華録』12巻が流布している。随筆集には『居易録』『池北偶談』、紀行には『蜀道駅程記』などがあり『漁洋山人全集』も刊行されている。

［佐藤一郎］

『橋本循著『漢詩大系23　王漁洋』（1965・集英社）』▽『高橋和巳注『中国詩人選集2集13　王士禛』新装版（1990・岩波書店）』▽『福本雅一著『明末清初2集』（1993・同朋舎出版）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例