Transverse valley

Japanese: 横谷 - おうこく（英語表記）transverse valley

Valleys that cross mountain ranges. When a river crosses a mountain range at a right angle to its strike, it forms a deep gorge. The causes of these gorges include (1) a pre-existing valley that was carved faster than the uplift of the mountain range and maintained its course, (2) a valley that was carved and formed by water overflowing from a lake that appeared as a result of the formation of the mountain range, (3) a valley head erosion from downstream, (4) a valley along a fault, and (5) a surface valley, but it is often difficult to determine which of these it is. Good examples include the Arun River, which crosses the Himalayas from Tibet and merges with the Ganges River, and the Yoneshiro River, Omono River, Mogami River, and Agano River, which cross the Shirakami Mountains, Dewa Mountains, and Echigo Mountains in northeastern Japan and flow into the Sea of Japan from inland basins such as Yokote and Yonezawa.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

山脈を横切る谷。河川が山脈をその走向と直角に横切るところでは深い峡谷をなす。その成因として，(1) 山脈が隆起する以前から存在した谷が，山脈の隆起速度より速く下刻を行い，その流路を保持した先行谷，(2) 山脈の形成によって出現した湖からあふれ出た流水によって下刻，形成されたもの，(3) 下流域からの谷頭浸食によるもの，(4) 断層に沿うもの，(5) 表生谷，などが考えられるが，このうちのどれであるかを断定することは困難な場合が多い。チベットからヒマラヤ山脈を横切ってガンジス川と合流するアルン川，東北日本の白神山地，出羽山地，越後山脈を横切って，横手，米沢などの内陸盆地から日本海へ注ぐ米代川，雄物川，最上川，阿賀野川などは好例。

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