Coordinates based on a family of curves. Let the Cartesian coordinates in three-dimensional space be ( x , y , z ), and the three functions be ξ1 = f1 ( x , y , z ), ξ2 = f2 ( x , y , z ), and ξ3 = f3 ( x , y , z ). Now , let c1 , c2 , and c3 be constants, respectively, and let ξ1 = c1 , ξ2 = c2 , and ξ3 = c3 , all of which represent curved surfaces. By changing the values of c1 , c2 , and c3 , three types of surfaces can be obtained. When one surface is taken from each of these three groups of surfaces, they intersect at a single point P. Conversely, there is a unique set of surfaces ξ1 = c1 , ξ2 = c2 , ξ3 = c3 that pass through any point in space. In this way, there is a one - to-one correspondence between each point ( x , y , z ) in space and the set of real numbers ( ξ1 , ξ2 , ξ3 ). In other words, the set of real numbers ( ξ1 , ξ2 , ξ3 ) can be considered as the coordinates that define the point ( x , y , z ) in space. These ( ξ1 , ξ2 , ξ3 ) are called the curvilinear coordinates around point P in three-dimensional space. The necessary and sufficient condition for the three functions f1 ( x , y , z ), f2 ( x , y , z ), and f3 ( x , y , z ) to define the curvilinear coordinates ( ξ1 , ξ2 , ξ3 ) is that the Jacobian (function determinant) is not 0. The same is true for two-dimensional and four-dimensional or higher spaces. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
曲線族による座標。3次元空間の直交座標を (x,y,z) とし,3つの関数を ξ1=f1(x,y,z), ξ2=f2(x,y,z), ξ3=f3(x,y,z) とする。いま c1,c2,c3 をそれぞれ定数とし,ξ1=c1, ξ2=c2, ξ3=c3 とおけば,これらはすべて曲面を表わす。ここで c1,c2,c3 の値を変化させれば,3種の曲面群が得られる。この3種の曲面群のそれぞれから,曲面を1つずつとったとき,それらが1点Pで交わり,また逆に,空間の任意の1点を通ってただ1通りの曲面の組 ξ1=c1, ξ2=c2, ξ3=c3 があるとする。こう考えれば,空間の各点 (x,y,z) と実数の組 (ξ1,ξ2,ξ3) とが一対一に対応することになる。すなわち,実数の組 (ξ1,ξ2,ξ3) を,空間の点 (x,y,z) を定める座標とみなすことができる。この (ξ1,ξ2,ξ3) を,3次元空間の点Pのまわりの曲線座標という。3つの関数 f1(x,y,z) ,f2(x,y,z) ,f3(x,y,z) が,曲線座標 (ξ1,ξ2,ξ3) を定めるための必要十分条件は,ヤコビアン (関数行列式) が0にならないことである。2次元や4次元以上の空間についても,同様である。
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