…The original meaning of chance is the even number or the even of a spouse, that is, when 1 and 1 combine to become 2, when two things meet (Kuki Shuzo, The Problem of Chance, 1935), and this is the most fundamental meaning of chance. The Greek word symbebēkos, the Latin accidents, the German word Zufall, and the English word contingency all have prefixes such as sym-, ac-, zu-, and con-, which mean the meeting of two things or the onset of something. However, it should be noted that such chance meetings, which can occur any number of times, are particularly recognized as chances when the meeting determines the subsequent development of at least one of the series. … From [Western Philosophy] …But even here, the existence of such an indefinite individual is thought to become a complete being only when it is complemented by the existence of something that is, and an unstable conflict between the two is can be seen here. This hypokeimenon is translated into Latin as subjectum (something that is thrown down), and shumbebekos is translated as accidents (contingency), and this concept of substratum-attribute has been inherited in medieval scholastic philosophy and even in modern philosophy. *Some terminology explanations that mention "accidens" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…もともと偶然の〈偶〉とは,偶数とか配偶の偶,つまり1と1が合して2となること,二つのものが〈出遇う〉こと(九鬼周造《偶然性の問題》1935)なのであるから,これこそが偶然のもっとも根源的な意味なのである。偶然をあらわすギリシア語のsymbebēkosやラテン語のaccidens,ドイツ語のZufall,英語のcontingencyにも,すべてsym‐,ac‐,zu‐,con‐といった2者の出遇い,何ものかの襲来を意味する前つづりが付されている。しかし,注意されねばならないのは,そうしたいくらでも起こりうる偶発的な出遇いが特に偶然として意識されるのは,その出遇いが,少なくとも一方の系列のその後の展開を左右する場合だということである。… 【西洋哲学】より…しかしここでも,そうした無規定的な個物の〈がある(ト・ホティ・エスティン)〉という存在が,〈である(ト・ティ・エスティン)〉という存在によって補われてはじめてまったき存在者になると考えられているわけであり,そこには二つの〈ある〉の不安定な葛藤がうかがわれる。この〈ヒュポケイメノン〉がラテン語ではsubjectum(下に投げ出されてあるもの)と訳され,〈シュンベベコス〉がaccidens(偶有性)と訳されて,〈基体‐属性〉というこのとらえ方は中世のスコラ哲学や,さらには近代哲学にもそのまま受けつがれてゆくのである。 ※「accidens」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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