A forum for dialogue and negotiation between the ruling and opposition parties that characterized the 1989 Eastern European revolution. Poland set the precedent. Poland was in a state of turmoil after large-scale workers' strikes across the country from 1988, and the need for dialogue and negotiation between the government and the opposition was keenly felt. The center of the opposition was Solidarity, an independent trade union that had been outlawed since 1982. In August 1988, the government called on Solidarity to hold a roundtable conference, and Solidarity agreed on the condition that it be legalized. The roundtable conference was held from February 6 to April 5, 1989, and a wide range of issues were discussed, including economic reform, political reform, and labor union issues. Of particular importance was the decision on a new method of parliamentary elections. In the June 1989 election that followed this, Solidarity won a landslide victory, and the Mazowiecki Cabinet was formed, Poland's first non-communist government since World War II. Poland's Round Table method was subsequently adopted by all Eastern European countries except Romania. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1989年の東ヨーロッパ革命の特徴となった与野党の対話・交渉の場。ポーランドが先例をつくった。 1988年から各地で労働者の大規模なストライキが続き,混乱していたポーランドでは,政府と反政府勢力との対話と交渉の必要性が痛感されていた。反政府勢力の中心は,1982年から非合法化されていた自主管理労働組合「連帯」であった。政府は 1988年8月に,「連帯」に対し円卓会議の開催を呼びかけ,「連帯」はその合法化を条件にこれに応じた。円卓会議は 1989年2月6日から4月5日まで開かれ,経済改革,政治改革,労組問題など多岐にわたる問題が議論された。特に重要な意味をもったのが,新しい議会選挙方法の決定であった。これに従った 1989年6月の選挙で「連帯」が圧勝し,ポーランドに第2次世界大戦後初めての非共産主義政権であるマゾウィエツキ内閣が誕生した。ポーランドの円卓会議方式は,その後ルーマニアを除く東ヨーロッパ各国で採用された。
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