… The history of variation is very old, probably beginning with melodic transformations in instrumental improvisation, and the variation is one of the longest-lived musical forms. As an independent piece of music, it first developed in the early 16th century during the Renaissance as solo instrumental music for lute and keyboard instruments, and was first brought to its peak by Antonio de Cabezón (c. 1510-66) in Spain, W. Bird, John Bull (c. 1562-1628) and O. Gibbons in the virginal school in England, and Frescobaldi in early Baroque Italy. The variation technique became a particularly important principle of composition in the Baroque period. … From [Renaissance Music]…In Spain, Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500-53) and Victoria established a distinctive national style, and vihuela music became popular in instrumental music. England followed other European countries in developing its own Renaissance style, resulting in anthems and motets by Thomas Tallis (c. 1505-85), W. Bird, and O. Gibbons, madrigals by Thomas Morley (c. 1557-1602), Thomas Weelkes (c. 1575-1623), and John Wilbye (1574-1638), and virginal pieces by Bird, John Bull (c. 1562-1628), and Giles Farnaby (c. 1563-1640), and lute pieces by John Dowland and others. Medieval Music, Baroque Music [Kanazawa Seigo]. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Bull, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 変奏技法の歴史はきわめて古く,おそらくそれは楽器の即興演奏における旋律的変形に始まると思われるが,変奏曲も数ある音楽形式の中で最も長い生命をもつものの一つである。独立した楽曲としてはルネサンス時代の16世紀初頭から,まずリュートや鍵盤楽器のための独奏器楽曲として発展し,スペインのカベソンAntonio de Cabezón(1510ころ‐66),イギリスのW.バード,ブルJohn Bull(1562ころ‐1628),O.ギボンズらのバージナル楽派,イタリアでは初期バロックのフレスコバルディらによって最初の頂点が築かれた。変奏技法はバロック時代においてとりわけ重要な作曲原理となる。… 【ルネサンス音楽】より…スペインではモラーレスCristóbal de Morales(1500ころ‐53)やビクトリアによって個性ある国民様式が確立し,器楽の分野ではビウェーラ音楽が人気を集めた。イギリスは他のヨーロッパ各国の後を追って独自のルネサンス様式を発展させ,その結果タリスThomas Tallis(1505ころ‐85),W.バード,O.ギボンズらによるアンセムやモテット,モーリーThomas Morley(1557ころ‐1602),ウィールクスThomas Weelkes(1575ころ‐1623),ウィルビーJohn Wilbye(1574‐1638)らによるマドリガルが生まれ,器楽においてはバード,ブルJohn Bull(1562ころ‐1628),ファーナビーGiles Farnaby(1563ころ‐1640)らによるバージナル曲やJ.ダウランドらによるリュート曲などが盛んとなった。中世音楽バロック音楽【金沢 正剛】。… ※「Bull,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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