Communal Award

Japanese: Communal Award(英語表記)CommunalAward
Communal Award

… The first notable example of this kind of ethnic division policy by the British was the partition of Bengal under Viceroy Curzon in 1905, followed by the creation of Muslim constituencies in the Imperial Legislative Council elections under the Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Council Act) in 1909. This separate electoral system was expanded in the Government of India Act of 1919, and the so-called "Communal Award" (August 1932) issued by British Prime Minister R. MacDonald during the Second Satyagraha struggle, which was transformed under Gandhi's leadership, also established separate seats for women and the "oppressed classes (untouchable castes)" in addition to separate seats for religion. Although some adjustments were made to this through Gandhi's fast, the basic electoral system was codified in the Government of India Act of 1935, which can be said to have prepared a legal path for the partition of India and Pakistan in August 1947. …

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "Communal Award" are explained below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… このようなイギリスによる民族分断策の最初の顕著な例が1905年の総督カーゾン下でのベンガル分割であり,続いて09年のモーリー=ミントー改革(インド参事会法)による帝国立法参事会選挙でのムスリム選挙区の設置であった。この宗教別分離選挙は19年のインド統治法において拡大され,またガンディー指導下で転換された第2次サティヤーグラハ闘争の時期に出されたイギリス首相R.マクドナルドのいわゆる〈コミュナル裁定Communal Award〉(1932年8月)は宗教別分離議席のほかに婦人や〈被抑圧階級(不可触カースト)〉の分離選挙をも設定していた。これに対してはガンディーの断食によって一定の手直しが加えられたものの,基本的にはこの選挙制度は35年統治法の中に成文化され,これが47年8月のインド・パキスタン分離独立への一つの法的な水路を準備したともいえる。…

※「Communal Award」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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