Accordion - accordion (English spelling)

Japanese: アコーディオン - あこーでぃおん(英語表記)accordion
Accordion - accordion (English spelling)

A type of air-sounding instrument with free reeds. Using the principle of a bellows, a box-shaped bellows expands and contracts, sending air through a metal reed to produce sound. Two reeds are attached to each note, and one reed sounds when the bellows is pulled or pushed. The player hangs the instrument from his chest and operates the keys and stops with his right hand to play the main melody, and the bellows and bass button with his left hand to play the bass accompaniment and chords. It is called an accordion because it can produce chords (accords) with a single button on the left hand. While following the lineage of the reed organ, it was inspired by the Chinese sheng, which was brought to Europe in 1777, and was made by Buschmann in Berlin in 1821 and Demian in Vienna in 1829. Initially, the right-hand key was a button type, and this type has been passed down to the bandoneon used in concertinas and Argentine tango. After 1852, piano-style keyboards became widespread. While it was used as a popular instrument in dance halls and cafes, in the field of art music, Hermann composed a solo piece for it in 1927, and a music school was founded in 1931. Berg and Prokofiev also used it in their own compositions. In Japan, it is called a hand organ, and it spread nationwide from the 1880s when medicine peddlers played it on the streets. It became popular in cities after the film Under the Roofs of Paris was released in 1931 (Showa 6), and to this day it is used not only to accompany popular songs and light music, but also by professional singers during labor movements and on the road due to its ease of use.

[Makoto Nakagawa]

[Reference item] | Bandoneon
Concertina
Made by Wheatstone. 1831-1837. Height: 14.6cm . Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, London.

Concertina


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フリーリード(自由簧(こう))をもつ気鳴(きめい)楽器の一種。ふいごの原理を利用して箱形の蛇腹(じゃばら)を伸縮させ、金属製のリードに風を送って音を出す。リードは各音に2枚ずつつけられ、蛇腹の引き・押しに応じて片方が鳴る。奏者は楽器を胸につるし、右手で鍵(けん)およびストップを操作しておもに旋律を奏し、左手でふいごとバスボタンを操作して伴奏の低音や和音を奏する。左手のボタン一つで和音(アコード)ができることからアコーディオンとよばれる。リードオルガンの系譜を引きつつ、1777年にヨーロッパへもたらされた中国の笙(しょう)にヒントを得て、1821年にベルリンのブッシュマン、1829年にウィーンのデミアンが製作した。当初は右手の鍵はボタン式で、この型はコンサーティーナやアルゼンチンタンゴで使用されるバンドネオンに引き継がれている。1852年以後、ピアノ式鍵盤が普及した。大衆的な楽器としてダンスホールやカフェで使用される一方、芸術音楽の分野では1927年にヘルマンが独奏曲をつくり、1931年には音楽学校が創設されるに至った。ベルクやプロコフィエフらも自作において使用している。日本では手風琴とよばれ、明治20年代から薬の行商人が街頭で演奏するなどして全国的に広まった。1931年(昭和6)に封切りされた映画『巴里(パリ)の屋根の下』によって都会で流行し、現在まで流行歌や軽音楽の伴奏のみならず、手軽なことから労働運動の際や流しの職業歌手にも愛用されている。

[中川 真]

[参照項目] | バンドネオン
コンサーティーナ
ホイートストン製作。1831~1837年 高さ14.6cm イギリスメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

コンサーティーナ


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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