Acetyl chloride

Japanese: 塩化アセチル - えんかあせちる(英語表記)acetyl chloride
Acetyl chloride

Acetic acid chloride. It is more commonly called acetyl chloride, but is more correctly called ethanoyl chloride. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.

It is synthesized in the presence of phosphorus by the reaction of acetic acid with chlorine gas, sodium acetate with sulfuryl chloride, or acetic acid with thionyl chloride. It dissolves in ether and benzene, but reacts with water to form acetic acid and hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride). It also reacts with alcohol to form acetate esters. Since the chlorine atom is easily substituted on the carbon atom of the carbonyl group (=O), it is used as an acetylating agent to introduce the acetyl group CH3CO- into various organic compounds. It emits smoke in the air, is tearful, and irritates the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

[Rikuhei Tani

[References] | Acetylation | Hydrogenous acid | Acetic acid |Acetic acid esters | Sodium acetate | Acid halides [Supplementary information] | Acetyl chloride (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

酢酸の酸塩化物。正しくは塩化エタノイルというが、一般的には塩化アセチルといわれている。刺激臭のある無色液体。

 リン存在下で酢酸と塩素ガス、酢酸ナトリウムと塩化スルフリル、酢酸と塩化チオニルなどの反応により合成する。エーテル、ベンゼンには溶けるが、水とは反応し酢酸と塩酸(塩化水素)になる。アルコールとも反応し酢酸エステルとなる。カルボニル基=Oの炭素原子上で塩素原子が置換反応されやすいので、種々の有機化合物にアセチル基CH3CO-を導入するアセチル化剤として利用される。空気中で発煙し、催涙性があり、皮膚、目、粘膜を刺激する。

[谷利陸平]

[参照項目] | アセチル化 | 塩酸 | 酢酸 | 酢酸エステル | 酢酸ナトリウム | 酸ハロゲン化物[補完資料] | 塩化アセチル(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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