Born March 10, 1923 in Merriman, Nebraska [Died] February 5, 2015. Princeton, New Jersey. Physicist. Graduated from McGill University in Canada in 1948. Obtained a doctorate from Columbia University in 1954. Became a lecturer at Princeton in 1954, an assistant professor in 1956, a professor in 1960, and the Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics at the university in 1976. He started studying K mesons early on, and in 1964, in collaboration with James Watson Cronin and others, precisely measured the decay of neutral K mesons formed in a large accelerator (→ accelerator), and discovered that there are two types of neutral K mesons: a short-lived one that decays quickly and a long-lived one that decays slowly, and that both of these decay into two π mesons. This means that in this elementary particle reaction, the invariance to charge conjugation and space inversion, in other words the invariance to time reversal (→ CP symmetry), is violated. For this discovery, he and Cronin were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1993. Fitch |
[生]1923.3.10. ネブラスカ,メリマン [没]2015.2.5. ニュージャージー,プリンストン アメリカ合衆国の物理学者。1948年カナダのマギル大学卒業。1954年コロンビア大学で学位取得。1954年プリンストン大学講師,1956年同助教授,1960年同教授,1976年同大学の物理学のサイラス・フォッグ・ブラケット記念教授に就任した。早くから K中間子の研究に取り組み,1964年にジェームズ・ワトソン・クローニンらと共同で,大型加速器(→加速器)中で形成された中性K中間子の崩壊を精密に測定し,中性K中間子には速く崩壊する短寿命のものと遅く崩壊する長寿命の 2種あること,さらに両者がともに 2個のπ中間子に崩壊することを発見した。これは,この素粒子反応において荷電共役変換および空間反転に対する不変性,換言すれば時間反転に対する不変性(→CP対称性)が破れることを意味する。この発見に対し,1980年にクローニンとともにノーベル物理学賞を与えられた。1993年にナショナル・メダル・オブ・サイエンスを受賞。 フィッチ
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