Fitch, Val Logsdon

Japanese: フィッチ(英語表記)Fitch, Val Logsdon
Fitch, Val Logsdon
Born March 10, 1923 in Merriman, Nebraska
[Died] February 5, 2015. Princeton, New Jersey. Physicist. Graduated from McGill University in Canada in 1948. Obtained a doctorate from Columbia University in 1954. Became a lecturer at Princeton in 1954, an assistant professor in 1956, a professor in 1960, and the Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics at the university in 1976. He started studying K mesons early on, and in 1964, in collaboration with James Watson Cronin and others, precisely measured the decay of neutral K mesons formed in a large accelerator (→ accelerator), and discovered that there are two types of neutral K mesons: a short-lived one that decays quickly and a long-lived one that decays slowly, and that both of these decay into two π mesons. This means that in this elementary particle reaction, the invariance to charge conjugation and space inversion, in other words the invariance to time reversal (→ CP symmetry), is violated. For this discovery, he and Cronin were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1993.

Fitch
Fitch, John

Born January 21, 1743 in Hartford, Connecticut
Died: July 2, 1798. Bardstown, Kentucky. Early American steamship developer. After serving in the American Revolutionary War, he participated in a survey of the Ohio River basin as a surveyor. In 1785, he settled in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and began developing steamships. With the backing of a wealthy man from Philadelphia, he built a ship powered by a 12-oar steam engine in 1787. He later established a steamship company and opened regular routes on the east coast of the United States. In 1793, he traveled to France to try to raise funds, but failed and returned to Japan. In 1796, he developed the world's first screw propeller steamship, but his business was not accepted by the public, and he is said to have committed suicide in despair. His work was taken over by R. Fulton.

Fitch
Fitch, Ralph

[Born] Around 1550
[Died] October 1611, London. British merchant and traveller. The first British person to reach India overland. He left London in February 1583, travelled south along the Euphrates River, was arrested by the Portuguese at Ormus on suspicion of spying, and sent to Goa, but escaped and reached the court of Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire. He was the first British person to enter Burma and Siam in 1586-87, and travelled north along the Euphrates River on the way back, returning to Japan in 1591.

Fitch
Fitch, (William) Clyde

Born May 2, 1865 in Elmira, New York
Died September 4, 1909. French-American playwright. A pioneer of modern American theater. He made his debut with Beau Brummel (1890), and later gained popularity with romantic plays such as Nathan Hale (99) and Barbara Frietchie (99).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1923.3.10. ネブラスカ,メリマン
[没]2015.2.5. ニュージャージー,プリンストン
アメリカ合衆国の物理学者。1948年カナダのマギル大学卒業。1954年コロンビア大学で学位取得。1954年プリンストン大学講師,1956年同助教授,1960年同教授,1976年同大学の物理学のサイラス・フォッグ・ブラケット記念教授に就任した。早くから K中間子の研究に取り組み,1964年にジェームズ・ワトソン・クローニンらと共同で,大型加速器(→加速器)中で形成された中性K中間子の崩壊を精密に測定し,中性K中間子には速く崩壊する短寿命のものと遅く崩壊する長寿命の 2種あること,さらに両者がともに 2個のπ中間子に崩壊することを発見した。これは,この素粒子反応において荷電共役変換および空間反転に対する不変性,換言すれば時間反転に対する不変性(→CP対称性)が破れることを意味する。この発見に対し,1980年にクローニンとともにノーベル物理学賞を与えられた。1993年にナショナル・メダル・オブ・サイエンスを受賞。

フィッチ
Fitch, John

[生]1743.1.21. コネティカット,ハートフォード
[没]1798.7.2. ケンタッキー,バーズタウン
アメリカ初期の汽船開発家。アメリカ独立戦争に従軍後,測量士としてオハイオ川流域の調査に参加。 1785年ペンシルバニア州バックスカウンティに住み,蒸気船の開発に着手。フィラデルフィアの財産家の後援を得て,87年オール 12本を蒸気機関で動かす船を建造した。その後汽船会社を設立して,アメリカ東海岸で定期航路をも開設,93年フランスに渡って資金集めを企てたが失敗して帰国。 96年に世界で最初のスクリュー・プロペラ汽船を開発したが,事業は世に受入れられず,失意のまま自殺したといわれる。彼の仕事は R.フルトンに受継がれた。

フィッチ
Fitch, Ralph

[生]1550頃
[没]1611.10. ロンドン
イギリスの商人,旅行家。イギリス人として初めて陸路でインドに到達。 1583年2月ロンドンを出発して,ユーフラテス川流域を南下し,スパイ容疑でポルトガル人にオルムスで捕えられ,ゴアに送られたが,逃れてムガル帝国のアクバル帝の宮廷にいたった。 86~87年イギリス人として初めてビルマとシャムに入り,帰路ユーフラテス川流域を北上して,91年帰国。

フィッチ
Fitch, (William) Clyde

[生]1865.5.2. ニューヨーク,エルミラ
[没]1909.9.4. フランス
アメリカの劇作家。現代アメリカ演劇の開拓者。『しゃれ男ブランメル』 Beau Brummel (1890) で劇壇に登場,次いで『ネーサン・ヘイル』 Nathan Hale (99) ,『バーバラ・フリッチー』 Barbara Frietchie (99) などロマンチックな作品で人気を博した。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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