Kansui - Kansui

A river that flows through central China. It is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and is also called the Hanjiang. It originates in Ningqiang County at the northern foot of the Daba Mountains in southwestern Shaanxi Province, and its source is called the Yudai River. It flows through the Hanzhong Basin in southern Shaanxi Province, passes through Ankang, enters northwestern Hubei Province, and flows through the central part of the province before joining the Yangtze River at Wuhan. It is 1,532 km long and has a drainage area of ​​174,000 square km. The downstream part of Xiangfan in Hubei Province is also called the Xianghe River. Its main tributaries are the Baohe, Danjiang, Tanghe, Baihe, and Duhe. Because of its large water volume and the fact that its flood season coincides with that of the Yangtze, drainage is poor and the downstream area is a low, flat plain that was once part of the old Yunmeng Ze, and the area between it and the Yangtze is a water town with waterways running crisscrossing it, making it a chronically flooded area in the past. After liberation, the Han River Diversion Area was created in the downstream area, diverting the Han River from Dujiatai, and the Danjiangkou Dam was built in the middle reaches, and the Ankang and Shiquan Dams were built upstream, preventing flooding and improving the convenience of power generation, irrigation, and water transportation. Boats can travel upstream to Shiquan. Danjiangkou Dam has an elevator to raise and lower boats.

[Kono Michihiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、華中地区を流れる川。長江(ちょうこう／チャンチヤン)（揚子江(ようすこう／ヤンツーチヤン)）水系中最大の支流で、漢江ともいう。陝西(せんせい／シャンシー)省南西部、大巴山(だいはさん)北麓(ほくろく)の寧強(ねいきょう)県に源を発し、源流は玉帯河(ぎょくたいが)とよばれる。陝西省南部の漢中盆地を流れ、安康(あんこう／アンカン)を経て湖北(こほく／フーペイ)省北西部に入り、同省中部を貫流したのち武漢(ぶかん／ウーハン)で長江に合流する。長さ1532キロメートル、流域面積17万4000平方キロメートル。湖北省の襄樊(じょうはん／シヤンハン)より下流は襄河(じょうが)ともよばれる。おもな支流は褒河(ほうが)、丹江、唐河、白河、堵河(とが)などである。水量が多く、しかも長江と増水期が一致するため、水はけが悪く下流は昔の雲夢沢(うんぼうたく)の一部にあたる低平な平野なので、長江との間は縦横に水路の走る水郷をなすため、かつては慢性的水害地帯であった。解放後下流部に杜家台(とかだい)より漢水を分流させる漢江分洪区がつくられ、中流部に丹江口ダム、上流に安康・石泉両ダムが建設され、水害を免れるとともに、発電、灌漑(かんがい)、水運の便も改善された。船は石泉まで溯航(そこう)できる。丹江口ダムには船を昇降させるエレベーターがある。

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