A city in Attica, ancient Greece. Today Eleusis. Located west of Athens, it was probably independent until the 7th century BC, when it was annexed to Athens, and destroyed and devastated by Visigothic chief Alaric II in 395. It is famous for the temple of Demeter and the mysteries held there every September in honor of Demeter and her daughter Persephone, queen of the underworld. It is said that the mysteries were founded by the goddess herself to thank her for the warm hospitality she received from the royal family at Eleusis, her last stop when she left the world of the gods and wandered the world of humans, angry at the abduction of Persephone by Hades. It was an agricultural festival commemorating the goddess's creation of the first ear of wheat and her appointment as the Eleusisian prince Triptolemos to spread its cultivation to the world, and it was believed that those who were initiated into the festival were guaranteed happiness in the afterlife. It was the object of fervent veneration by all Greeks throughout antiquity. However, since initiates were forbidden to disclose the details of the ritual, most of the specific details are unknown. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代ギリシア,アッチカの都市。現エレフシス。アテネの西にあり,おそらく前7世紀までは独立していたが,その後アテネに併合され,395年には西ゴート首長アラリック2世に破壊され,荒廃。デメーテル神殿とそこで毎年9月に行われたデメーテルとその娘の冥府の女王ペルセフォネを祀る密儀によって名高い。この密儀は,ペルセフォネをハデスにさらわれたのを怒ったデメーテルが,神界を去り人間界を放浪したおりに,最後に滞在したエレウシスで王の一家から受けたあたたかいもてなしを感謝するために,女神自身によって創設されたといわれる。女神によって最初の麦の穂が生み出されて,エレウシスの王子トリプトレモスがその栽培を世界に広める役に任じられたことを記念する農業の祭りとしての意味をもつと同時に,これに入信した者には死後の世界における幸福が保証されると信じられた。古代を通じて全ギリシア人の熱心な崇敬の対象となった。ただし入信者は儀式の内容を口外することを禁止されていたため,具体的な細目はほとんど不明である。
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