A school of philosophy that arose in the 5th century BC in the ancient Greek colony of Elea, southeast of Naples in southern Italy. Its characteristic is sharp logical thinking. From the standpoint of monism, which holds that the only thing that truly exists is the unborn, immortal, and unchanging To-Eon (that which exists), it denied the existence of many things and the existence of movement and change, and considered the senses that grasp the many things in the phenomenal world and their movement and change to be delusions. This refuted the natural philosophy of the Ionian school, which held that one fundamental substance changes in movement to give rise to many things, and the cosmology became untenable. However, Empedocles and Anaxagoras, who recognized the existence of many fundamental substances, appeared later, and the cosmology was rescued once again. People who belonged to this school included Parmenides from Elea, his disciple Zeno, and Melissus of Samos, but some also consider the wandering poet Xenophanes, who attacked polytheism, to be the founder of this school. After Melissus this school seems to have died out. [Mikiya Suzuki] "Pre-Socratic Philosophy" by Jean Brun, translated by Mikiya Suzuki (Hakusuisha, Que sais-je Bunko) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南イタリアのナポリ南東の古代ギリシアの植民市エレアに、紀元前5世紀に生じた哲学の一学派。その特徴は鋭い論理的な思考にある。真に存在するのは不生・不滅・不変のト・エオン(在るもの)だけであるとする一元論の立場から、多が在ること、運動変化が在ることを否定し、現象界の多くのものやその運動変化をとらえる感覚を迷妄であるとしたため、一つの根本物質が運動変化して多くのものが生じるとするイオニア学派の自然哲学は論破され、宇宙論は成り立たなくなった。しかし、ついで多数の根本物質を認めるエンペドクレスやアナクサゴラスが出現し、宇宙論はふたたび救出されることになる。この学派に所属する人々は、エレア出身のパルメニデスとその弟子ゼノン、サモスのメリッソスなどであるが、多神論を攻撃した放浪の詩人クセノファネスを、この学派の始祖とする見方もある。メリッソス以後この学派は滅びたらしい。 [鈴木幹也] 『ジャン・ブラン著、鈴木幹也訳『ソクラテス以前の哲学』(白水社・文庫クセジュ)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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