French mathematician. Born in Dieuze, Lorraine, he moved with his family to Nancy at the age of six, where he enrolled in the lycée (secondary education institution) there. Shortly thereafter, he transferred to the lycée Henri IV in Paris, and then to the lycée Louis-le-Grand to prepare for the entrance exam to the École Polytechnique (science and technology university). The mathematics teacher at the school, Louis-Paul-Émile Richard (1795-1849), predicted that Hermite would become a great mathematician and gave him special instruction. In 1842, he enrolled at the École Polytechnique, but because he had a crippled leg, he was told that he would have no future if he graduated, so he dropped out after only one year. However, during his time at the school, he corresponded with Jacobi and studied Abelian functions. He then proved that no function with n complex variables can have more than 2n periods; ironically, this paper led to him being hired as a professor at the École Polytechnique and, in 1869, to become a professor at the University of Paris. Hermite's research spanned all areas of mathematics, but everything was connected. For example, he showed that quintic algebraic equations can be solved using elliptic functions. The base of the natural logarithm introduced by Euler, e, that is, the series [Ken Kobori] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの数学者。ロレーヌのデューズで生まれたが、6歳のときに一家とともにナンシーに移住、ここのリセ(中等教育機関)へ入学した。その後まもなくパリの「アンリ4世」という名のリセへ転校し、さらにエコール・ポリテクニク(理工科大学校)受験の準備のためにリセ「ルイ・ル・グラン」へ転校した。この学校の数学教師リシャールLouis-Paul-Émile Richard(1795―1849)はエルミートが大数学者になることを予見して、特別の指導をした。1842年にエコール・ポリテクニクに入学したが、足が不自由であったので、ここを卒業しても先の見込みがないといわれて、1年在学しただけで退学した。しかし在学中にヤコービと文通して、アーベル関数を研究していた。そして、n個の複素数を変数とする関数は2n個よりも多くの周期をもつことができないことを証明したが、皮肉にも、この論文によってエコール・ポリテクニクの教員に採用され、さらに1869年にパリ大学教授となった。 エルミートの研究は、数学のあらゆる分野にまたがっていたが、すべてがつながっていた。たとえば五次の代数方程式は楕円(だえん)関数を用いて解けることを示している。オイラーの導入した自然対数の底として用いられているe、すなわち級数 [小堀 憲] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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