cell biology

Japanese: cell biology(英語表記)cellbiology
cell biology

...Since the mid-20th century, the technique of observation using electron microscopes has rapidly improved, making it possible to capture the fine structure of the inside of cells in detail. At the same time, the establishment of cell fractionation methods using ultracentrifuges has made it possible to directly correlate the fine structure of various organelles isolated from living cells with the localization of their metabolic functions. Now that the fine structure and metabolic functions of various cells have been clarified, cell biology, which understands and studies the specificities of cells based on common universalities that transcend differences between organisms and cells, has made great progress.
[Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells]
A cell essentially contains one nucleoid, or nucleus, which contains all of the genes (DNA) specific to that species.

From [Cytology]

...The study of cells is carried out using methods from many fields, including morphology, physiology, biochemistry, development, genetics, and evolution. Biological research methods have become more precise with advances in science and technology, and the scope of application has expanded to eliminate the major methodological differences between the above-mentioned research fields. At the same time, research in interdisciplinary areas has progressed greatly, and today, all fields that ultimately result in the structure and function of cells are referred to as cell biology. Therefore, the traditional term cytology is often interpreted in a narrow sense and is applied to the study of cell morphology.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "cell biology" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…20世紀中ごろから電子顕微鏡による観察技術が急速に進歩して,細胞内部の微細構造が詳細に捕らえられるようになり,また,同じころに超遠心分離機を利用する細胞分画法が確立されたこととあいまって,生細胞から分離された各種細胞小器官の微細構造と,その代謝機能の局在性とが直接関連づけられるようになった。 現在,いろいろな細胞の微細構造ならびにその代謝機能が明らかにされるに及んで,生物の違いや細胞の違いを超えた共通普遍性を基盤に,細胞の特異性を理解し,また,研究する細胞生物学cell biologyが大きな発展を遂げている。
【原核細胞と真核細胞】
 細胞には,原則的に1個の核様体nucleoid,あるいは核nucleusがあって,その生物種に固有の遺伝子(DNA)のすべてがそこに局在している。…

【細胞学】より

…また細胞の研究は,形態学,生理学,生化学,発生学,遺伝学ならびに進化など多くの分野の研究方法を用いて行われるものである。 生物学の研究方法は科学技術の進歩とともに精密になり,適用の範囲も拡大して上記の各研究分野の間で方法上の大きな相違がなくなるとともに,境界領域での研究もおおいに進み,現在では究極的に細胞の構造と機能に帰結されるすべての分野を総合して細胞生物学cell biologyと呼ぶようになっている。したがって伝統的な細胞学という呼称は狭義に解釈され,細胞の形態を中心とした学問にあてられることが多い。…

※「cell biology」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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