…The word burgus comes from the Latin word burgus, and corresponds to the German word burg and the English word borough. It has a unique character in the history of settlements in medieval Western Europe. From [Bourgeoisie]…The reason why the word bourgeoisie is so ambiguous is due to its historical background since the Middle Ages. The origin of the word bourgeoisie is the medieval Latin burgus, which originally meant a fortress, but when it became French bourg, the meaning changed to a village where a market was held, and from there it came to mean a town or city, so in the Middle Ages and early modern times, bourgeoisie came to mean a townsman or townsfolk. And in those days, in order to be recognized as a proper townsman or citizen in a town or city, it was necessary to pay a certain tax or fee, and those who could make such payments were limited to wealthy merchants and industrialists, or those who could live off the income from their own property (rent and house rent from real estate, interest from movable property), so bourgeoisie came to refer to such people and the wealthy class. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "burgus" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ラテン語のブルグスburgusに由来するフランス語で,ドイツ語のブルク,英語のバラboroughに対応する。西欧中世の集落史上特異な性格をもつ。… 【ブルジョアジー】より…このように,ブルジョアジーという語がかなり多義的であるのは,中世以来のその歴史的背景によるのである。 ブルジョアおよびブルジョアジーの語源は中世ラテン語のburgusであり,これは,もともと城砦という意味であったが,それがフランス語のブールbourgになると意味が変わって,市(いち)の開催される村という意味になり,そこからさらに転じて,町または都市という意味になったから,中世および近世においては,ブルジョアおよびブルジョアジーは,町の人とか町人身分とかいう意味で用いられるようになった。そして,当時の町ないし都市において正規の町人ないし市民と認定されるためには,一定の租税ないし権利金を支払うことが必要とされ,そのような支払をなしうる者は,富裕な商工業者,もしくは自己の財産からの収入(不動産からの地代や家賃,動産からの利子)によって生活しうる者だけに限られていたから,ブルジョアおよびブルジョアジーは,そのような有産者および有産者層を指すことになった。… ※「burgus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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