Salier Dynasty - German

The second dynasty of medieval Germany following the House of Saxony (1024-1125). It was founded when Conrad II was chosen as king after the extinction of the previous dynasty. The family was the Count of Speyer in Franconia, so it is also called the House of Franconia. After Conrad II, Henry III, IV, and V succeeded him in direct lineage, all of whom also held the title of Holy Roman Emperor. In the first half of the period leading up to the Investiture Controversy, the dynasty inherited the imperial church policy of the previous dynasty, Conrad II also became king of Burgundy after the death of King Rudolf III, and Henry III supported the church reform movement that began at the Cluny Abbey and made an effort to strengthen the authority of the Pope, realizing the height of the Holy Roman Empire. However, the strengthening of papal power led to conflict with imperial power, and under Henry IV, this developed into a dispute between the two over the investiture of clergy, which, combined with rebellions from powerful domestic princes, led to civil war in Germany. Henry V ended the investiture dispute with the Concordat of Worms in 1122, but the emperor/king's control over high-ranking clergy, which formed the basis of the imperial church policy, was greatly weakened, and bishops began to become independent as powerful local powers together with secular princes. After Henry V died childless in 1125, the Hohenstaufen dynasty was newly established by Henry IV's grandson, Conrad III of the House of Staufen.

[Shosuke Hirajo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ザクセン朝に続く中世ドイツ王国2代目の王朝（1024～1125）。前王朝の断絶後、コンラート2世が国王に選ばれて創始した。その家門はフランケンのシュパイエル伯であったので、フランケン朝ともよばれる。コンラート2世ののち、ハインリヒ3世、4世、5世と直系で相続され、いずれも神聖ローマ皇帝を兼ねた。聖職叙任権闘争に至るまでの前半は、前王朝以降の帝国教会政策を継承し、コンラート2世はブルグント国王ルドルフ3世の死後その国王をも兼ね、ハインリヒ3世は、クリュニー修道院に始まる教会改革運動を支持して、ローマ教皇の権威の強化にも力を尽くし、神聖ローマ帝国の最盛期を実現した。だが教皇権の強化は、皇帝権との対立を招き、ハインリヒ4世のとき、聖職者の叙任権をめぐる両者の紛争に発展、国内有力諸侯の反抗とも結び付いて、ドイツは内乱状態に陥った。ハインリヒ5世は1122年ウォルムス協約を結んで叙任権闘争を終結させたが、帝国教会政策の基本をなした、皇帝＝国王の高級聖職者に対する支配権は大幅に後退し、司教は世俗諸侯とともに強大な地方権力として自立化の道を歩み始めた。ハインリヒ5世が1125年子なくして死んだのち、ハインリヒ4世の孫にあたるシュタウフェン家のコンラート3世によって、ホーエンシュタウフェン朝が新たに開かれた。

［平城照介］

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