MGM - Megane

Japanese: MGM - えむじーえむ
MGM - Megane

A long-established American film company. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an abbreviation for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. Known for its opening logo with a roaring lion, it has about 4,000 films including the 007 series and about 17,000 TV programs including The Pink Panther. It was founded in 1924 by the merger of the three production and distribution companies Metro, Goldwyn, and Mayer, and the company name was the initials of the three companies. It had a great influence on the American film industry from its early days, but fell into financial difficulties due to the spread of television after World War II, and was sold off repeatedly, and in 2021 it became a subsidiary of Amazon.com (as of 2021, the US government is reviewing Amazon's acquisition of MGM as a violation of antitrust laws). Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California.

Since the 1920s, the company has used the catchphrase "More Stars Than There Are In Heaven," and produced a series of major works, including "Ben-Hur," "Goodbye, Mr. Chips," and "Gone with the Wind," with many actors, including Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, Spencer Tracy, and Elizabeth Taylor. At the same time, it released a series of musical films, such as "Broadway Melody," and the animated film "Tom and Jerry." However, after the war, its performance deteriorated due to the separation of its theater division and the spread of television. Starting with its purchase by Las Vegas investor Kirk Kerkorian (1917-2015) in 1969, the company has had a number of owners, including CNN founder Ted Turner Robert Edward "Ted" Turner (1938-), Sony, and the investment company Cerberus Capital Management. During this time, many copyrights, such as "2001: A Space Odyssey," were leaked, but as of 2021, the company still has a wealth of content, including "Rocky" and "Silence of the Lambs." In 2021, the company agreed to be acquired by Amazon.com, which aims to provide a distribution service for members, but the Biden administration, which is reluctant to allow IT companies to monopolize the market, is currently reviewing the acquisition for antitrust reasons. In 1980, the hotel and casino division separated from MGM to become MGM Resorts International (headquartered in Las Vegas), which operates integrated resorts (IRs) worldwide.

[Takeshi Yano November 17, 2021]

[References] | Salberg

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの老舗(しにせ)映画会社。メトロ・ゴールドウィン・メイヤー・スタジオMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc.の略称。ライオンが吠(ほ)えるオープニングロゴで知られ、『007』シリーズなど約4000本の映画と『ピンク・パンサー』など約1万7000本のテレビ番組のコンテンツをもつ。1924年、製作配給のメトロ、ゴールドウィン、メイヤーの3社が合併して誕生し、3社の頭文字を社名とした。勃興(ぼっこう)期からアメリカ映画界に大きな影響力をもったが、第二次世界大戦後のテレビの普及などで経営不振に陥り、身売りを繰り返し、2021年にアマゾン・ドット・コム傘下に入った(2021年時点で、アメリカ政府が独占禁止法違反としてアマゾンのMGM買収を審査中)。本社はカリフォルニア州ビバリー・ヒルズ。

 1920年代から「星の数より多いスターMore Stars Than There Are In Heaven」をキャッチ・フレーズに掲げ、グレタ・ガルボ、クラーク・ゲーブル、スペンサー・トレーシー、エリザベス・テーラーら多くの俳優を擁し、『ベン・ハー』『チップス先生さようなら』『風とともに去りぬ』など大作を次々に製作。同時に『ブロードウェイ・メロディー』など一連のミュージカル映画や、アニメ映画『トムとジェリー』を世に送り出した。だが戦後、劇場部門の切り離しやテレビの普及などで業績が悪化。1969年にラスベガスの投資家カーク・カーコリアンKirk Kerkorian(1917―2015)に買収されたのを皮切りに、CNN創業者テッド・ターナーRobert Edward“Ted”Turner(1938― )、ソニー、投資会社サーベラス・キャピタル・マネジメントなど、オーナーが目まぐるしくかわった。この間、『2001年宇宙の旅』など多くの版権が流出したが、2021年時点で『ロッキー』『羊たちの沈黙』など豊富なコンテンツを保有。これらの会員向け配信サービスをめざすアマゾン・ドット・コムに買収されることで合意(2021)したが、IT企業による市場の寡占に難色を示すバイデン政権が独占禁止法違反として審査中である。なお、1980年、MGMから分離したホテル・カジノ部門が、統合型リゾート(IR:Integrated Resort)を世界展開するMGMリゾーツ・インターナショナル(本社ラス・ベガス)となった。

[矢野 武 2021年11月17日]

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