Mohe - Makkatsu

A branch of Tungusic tribes that wielded power from the late 6th century mainly in the Songhua River basin in northeastern China, as well as in the middle and lower Heilongjiang basin in the north, the Ussuri River basin in the east, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula in the south. The Mokki people, who had existed in this region since the late 5th century, collapsed in the mid-6th century, and their subordinate tribes became independent, but even after independence they were collectively called Mohe, using the same pronunciation but different characters. They were divided into several large tribes, of which the seven most powerful tribes were the Zokumatsu, Bokku, Anshako, Futsude, Goshitsu, Hakusan, and Kokusui, and were called the Seven Mohe Tribes. They fought against Goguryeo, and the Awasu and Hakusan tribes were subjugated to Goguryeo. After Goguryeo was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty (668), the Balhae Kingdom was established (698) with the pretense of reviving Goguryeo. Many Mohe people came under its control, but only the Heilongjiang tribe maintained its independent power.

[Toshihiko Kikuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

6世紀後半から中国東北の松花江流域を中心に、北は黒竜江中・下流域、東はウスリー川流域、南は朝鮮半島北部に勢力を振るったツングース系諸族の一派。5世紀後半からこの地方にあった勿吉(もっきつ)人の国が6世紀なかばに崩壊し、その服属諸部が自立したが、自立後も一括してその同音異字で靺鞨とよばれた。いくつかの大部族に分かれ、そのうち粟末(ぞくまつ)、伯咄(はくとつ)、安車骨(あんしゃこつ)、払涅(ふつでつ)、号室(ごうしつ)、白山(はくさん)、黒水(こくすい)の七部族が有力で、靺鞨七部とよばれた。高句麗(こうくり)と争い、粟末、白山の二部は高句麗に服属した。高句麗が唐に滅ぼされた（668）のち、高句麗の復興を唱えて渤海(ぼっかい)国が成立すると（698）、多くの靺鞨人はその支配下に入ったが、黒水部だけは独立の勢力を保持した。

［菊池俊彦］

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