Epoxidation - Epokisika (English spelling)

Japanese: エポキシ化 - えぽきしか(英語表記)epoxidation
Epoxidation - Epokisika (English spelling)

This is a reaction in which one oxygen atom is added to a C=C double bond (ethylene bond) to produce a three-membered ring epoxide (epoxy compound), and is represented by the following general formula:


This reaction is a type of oxidation reaction, and in the laboratory, organic peroxy acids such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid and peracetic acid are used as oxidizing agents. It is usually carried out in an inert solvent such as benzene, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride, and cis-addition always occurs, with trans-alkene giving trans-epoxides and cis-alkene giving cis-epoxides. Industrially, the epoxidation of ethylene is the most important, and ethylene oxide is synthesized by reacting ethylene with oxygen in the air in the presence of a silver catalyst in the gas phase. Industrial epoxidation of olefins other than ethylene is carried out using tert -butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidizing agent and molybdenum, vanadium, or tungsten as a catalyst.

[Masahiro Hirota]

[Reference] | Ethylene | Epoxide | Cis-trans isomerism | Double bond

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

C=C二重結合(エチレン結合)に酸素1原子が付加して3員環のエポキシド(エポキシ化合物)を生成する反応をいい、次の一般式で示される。


この反応は酸化反応の一種であり、実験室的には、酸化剤としてm-クロロ過安息香酸、過酢酸などの有機過酸が用いられている。通常、ベンゼン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素などの不活性溶媒中で行われ、シス付加がつねにおこり、トランス体のアルケンからはトランス体のエポキシド、シス体のアルケンからはシス体のエポキシドが得られる。工業的にはエチレンのエポキシ化がもっとも重要であり、エチレンと空気中の酸素を銀触媒の存在下で気相反応させて、エチレンオキシドを合成している。エチレン以外のオレフィンの工業的エポキシ化は、tert-ブチルヒドロペルオキシドなどを酸化剤として用い、モリブデン、バナジウム、タングステンなどを触媒として行っている。

[廣田 穰]

[参照項目] | エチレン | エポキシド | シス‐トランス異性 | 二重結合

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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