A construction and craft material with a V-shaped cross-section. It is used to split wood or stone, push up heavy objects, and insert into the joints of structures such as bookshelves to tighten them. Wedges are also used to connect objects together, and are inserted into the ends of car axles to prevent the wheels from coming off. When a wedge with a V-shaped cross-section is pressed into an object, a large force can be applied to the object with a small force. For example, when splitting firewood with an axe, the sharper the axe's cross-section, the greater the force with which the firewood is to be torn apart. Blades such as knives have a V-shaped cross-section and a sharp edge because of this principle, allowing them to cut well with little force. [Mitsuo Ishikawa] ©Shogakukan "> Wedge action Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
断面がV字形になるようにつくられた建築・工作材料。木や石を割ったり、重い物を押し上げたり、本棚のような工作物の継ぎ目に差し込んで堅く締めたりするのに使われる。このほか、物と物とをつなぎあわすのに使われるもの、車の心棒の端に差し込んで、車輪が外れないようにするものも楔という。断面がV字形の楔を物体に押し込むと、小さな力で物体に大きな力を与えることができる。たとえば、斧(おの)で薪(まき)を割る場合に、斧の断面が鋭角であればあるほど、薪を引き裂く力は強くなる。ナイフのような刃物の断面がV字形で、刃先が鋭くとがっているのは、このような原理を利用して、小さな力でよく切れるようにするためである。 [石川光男] ©Shogakukan"> 楔の作用 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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