Biophon

Japanese: Biophon
Biophon

...Below, we will trace the events that occurred after World War II, when Germany was divided into East and West and film activity was forced to decline amid political conflict.
[The Early Days: From the Beginnings of Film Production to the Birth of Literary Films]
In November 1895, nearly two months before the French Lumiere brothers premiered their Cinématographe in Paris, the German Skladanowski brothers, Max Skladanowski and Emil S., introduced a "moving picture" called the "Bioskop" as part of the program of a vaudeville theater called the Wintergarten in Berlin, and the following year, Oskar Messter, known as the "Lumiere of German cinema," projected the "Biophon," a combination of a film projector and a phonograph, at Unter den Linden, thus marking the beginning of film production in Germany. However, as works, there were no notable early German films, and "foreign films" imported from America, France, and Italy were the mainstream.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Biophon" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…以下,第2次大戦後,東西二つのドイツに分割されて政治的対立の下に映画活動も衰退せざるを得なくなるまでの動きを追ってみる。
[草創期――映画製作の始まりから〈文芸映画〉の誕生まで]
 フランスのリュミエール兄弟がパリで〈シネマトグラフ〉を公開する2ヵ月近く前の1895年11月,ドイツのスクラダノウスキー兄弟Max Skladanowski,Emil S.が〈ビオスコープBioskop〉と呼ばれる〈動く絵〉をベルリンの〈ウィンターガルテン〉という寄席のプログラムのなかに組み入れて発表し,翌96年,〈ドイツ映画のリュミエール〉といわれるメスターOskar Messterが,フィルムの映写機と蓄音機を結びつけた〈ビオフォーンBiophon〉を〈ウンター・デン・リンデン〉で映写し,ドイツにおける映画製作が始まった。しかし,作品としては初期のドイツ映画には見るべきものがなく,アメリカ,フランス,イタリアから輸入された〈外国映画〉が主流であった。…

※「Biophon」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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