...With regard to curves, Jordan's theorem was proved (1893), stating that if a closed curve lying on a plane does not intersect with itself, it divides the plane into two regions, an inner and an outer one. Also, G. Peano discovered a continuous curve that fills the interior of a square (1890), and the definition of curves and dimensions became an issue. In the aforementioned lecture, Riemann proposed introducing the concept of n -dimensional manifolds to expand the concept of space and consider its geometry, and E. Betti (1823-92) followed this idea and came up with the concept of Betti numbers as topological invariants that represent the higher-dimensional connectivity of a manifold (1870). Following these pioneering achievements, the foundations of topology were laid by H. Poincaré. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Betti, E." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…曲線については,〈自分自身と交わらない閉曲線が平面上にあるとき,それは平面を内と外の二つの領域に分かつ〉というジョルダンの定理が証明され(1893),また正方形の内部をうめつくす連続曲線がG.ペアノによって発見されて(1890),曲線や次元の定義が問題となった。リーマンは前記の講演において,n次元多様体の概念を導入して空間の概念を拡張し,その幾何学を考えることを提唱したが,ベッチE.Betti(1823‐92)はその考えに沿って多様体の高次元連結度を表す位相的不変量としてのベッチ数の概念を得た(1870)。このような先駆的業績の後,位相幾何学の基礎がH.ポアンカレによって築かれた。… ※「Betti,E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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