Wiener, Norbert

Japanese: ウィーナー（英語表記）Wiener， Norbert

Born November 26, 1894 in Columbia, Missouri.
[Died] March 18, 1964, Stockholm American mathematician and founder of cybernetics. He was called a child prodigy from an early age, and when he graduated from high school and entered Tufts College (1906) at the age of 11, he became interested in biology and mathematics. He then studied zoology and philosophy at Harvard University Graduate School and Cornell University Graduate School, and returned to Harvard University Graduate School, where he received his doctorate in 1913 at the age of 18 with a thesis on mathematical philosophy. In the same year, he went to England and studied under B. Russell at Cambridge University, then moved to Germany and studied under D. Hilbert at the University of Göttingen. He returned to Cambridge and studied under GH Hardy again. He later worked as a lecturer in philosophy at Harvard University, a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Maine, an engineer for an electrical company, and a newspaper reporter. During World War I, he researched ballistics, but later became a lecturer in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (19), and around this time he began to study harmonic analysis and stochastic processes (especially Brownian motion). Among his most important results was "General Harmonic Analysis," published in the journal "Acta Mathematica" in 1930. In 1931, he began working with E. Hopf on prediction theory. He became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (32). From around 1930, he worked with professors from the Harvard Medical School on the regulatory mechanisms of animals, and at the same time applied prediction theory to communication, removing noise from messages and solving the problem of statistically predicting the original message. These studies were unified by the term "cybernetics," which was published under the title "Cybernetics: or, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine" (48). His ideas quickly spread among scholars around the world. He then conducted research in Mexico, Paris, India, and other countries, but in 1964, he was invited as a visiting professor at the Central Institute for Intelligence in Amsterdam, where he died of a heart attack in Stockholm.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1894.11.26. ミズーリ，コロンビア
[没]1964.3.18. ストックホルム
アメリカの数学者で，サイバネティクスの創始者。幼少の頃から神童といわれ，高校を卒業して，タフツ・カレッジに入ったとき (1906) は，わずか 11歳であった。ここで生物学，数学に興味をもつ。その後，ハーバード大学大学院，コーネル大学大学院で動物学，哲学を研究，再びハーバード大学大学院に戻り，1913年，数理哲学に関する論文で 18歳で学位を取る。同年渡英し，ケンブリッジ大学で B.ラッセルに指導を受け，さらにドイツに移り，ゲッティンゲン大学で D.ヒルベルトに学ぶ。再びケンブリッジに戻って G.H.ハーディの指導を受ける。その後，ハーバード大学哲学講師，マイン大学数学講師，電気会社技師，新聞記者などをし，第1次世界大戦中は弾道学の研究をしていたが，マサチューセッツ工科大学数学講師となり (19) ，この頃から調和解析や確率過程 (特にブラウン運動) の研究を始める。そのなかでも特に重要な結果は，30年に"Acta Mathematica"誌に発表された「一般調和解析」である。 31年には E.ホップフと共同で予測理論の研究を始めた。マサチューセッツ工科大学教授 (32) 。 30年頃から，ハーバード大学医学部の教授たちと，動物の調節機構を中心として研究を進め，一方，予測理論を通信に応用して，通信文から雑音を取除き，もとの通信文を統計的に予測する問題を解決した。これらの研究を統一したのがサイバネティクスで，それは"Cybernetics: or，Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine" (48) の名で発表された。その思想はただちに世界各国の学者の間に広まった。その後，メキシコ，パリ，インドなどで研究をしたが，64年，アムステルダム中央知能研究所の客員教授として招かれ，ストックホルムで心臓発作のため死去した。

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