...the general term for the various studies of administration that developed in Germany and Austria under the Holy Roman Empire from the late 17th century to the end of the 18th century. With the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) after the Thirty Years' War, each state in the Holy Roman Empire was granted sovereignty, and the empire became a federation. After this, each state monarch began to compete with each other to establish absolute monarchies. The government office that assisted the state monarchs at that time was called the Kammer, and it was here that the seeds of modern bureaucracy were formed. Kammergaku was the study of such state monarchs and bureaucrats, and was the study of establishing absolute monarchies. *Some of the terminology that refers to "cameraism" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…17世紀後半から18世紀末にかけて神聖ローマ帝国下のドイツ・オーストリアに発達した,行政に関する諸学の総称。三十年戦争後のウェストファリア条約(1648)により神聖ローマ帝国内の各領邦には領邦主権が認められ,帝国は連邦となった。これ以降各領邦君主は絶対君主制の確立をめざして競争しはじめた。当時の領邦君主を補佐していた官庁が官房Kammerと呼ばれ,ここに近代官僚制の萌芽が形成されていたのである。官房学はこのような領邦君主と官僚のための学問であり,絶対君主制を確立するための学問であった。… ※「カメラリズム」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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