…Klein published the famous Erlangen Program in 1872, in which he discussed geometry in a unified manner from the standpoint of transformation groups, defining, for example, that Euclidean geometry is the study of properties of figures that do not change under congruent transformations, while projective geometry is the study of properties that do not change under projective transformations. From this standpoint, affine geometry can be said to be geometry that studies properties that are invariant under affine transformations. The source of this geometry can be found in Moebius' Der baryzentrische Kalkül (1827), but it was Klein who established it as a new type of geometry. An affine transformation is a transformation that always transforms a straight line into a straight line and a line segment into a line segment, but it can also be said to be a transformation that always transforms parallel lines into parallel lines, and in this sense it can be called a parallel transformation. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "The baryzentrische Kalkül" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…クラインは1872年に有名な《エルランゲン・プログラム》を発表し,その中で幾何学を変換群の立場から統一的に論じ,例えば,図形の性質のうち,合同変換で変わらないような性質を調べるのがユークリッド幾何学であり,射影変換によって変わらない性質を調べるのが射影幾何学であると定義したが,この立場に立つとき,アフィン幾何学とはアフィン変換によって不変な性質を調べる幾何学といえる。この幾何学の源泉はメービウスの《重心算法論Der baryzentrische Kalkül》(1827)にあるが,新しい種類の幾何学として確立したのはクラインである。アフィン変換とは直線をつねに直線にうつし,また線分をつねに線分にうつすような変換を指すが,平行線をつねに平行線にうつす変換といってもよく,この意味で平行変換と呼んでもよいものである。… ※「Der baryzentrische Kalkül」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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