Corpus Iuris Civilis (Latin)

Japanese: ローマ法大全 - ろーまほうたいぜん(英語表記)Corpus Iuris Civilis ラテン語
Corpus Iuris Civilis (Latin)

A large legal code compiled by order of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. It is a collective term for the Codex Iustinianus (Collection of Laws), Digesta (or Pandectae), Institutiones (Institutions), and Novellae (New Laws), but this name was not given to these four collectively by Justinian himself; it was first given to these four when Gotofredus published them in 1583, and was contrasted with the Corpus iuris canonici (Corpus of Canon Law). The Codex Iustinianus was published in 534 (Justinian's Code). The Institutiones was ordered to be compiled by a papal papal order in 530, and promulgated by a papal order on December 16, 533. The Institutiones is a textbook for beginners that was promulgated by a papal order on November 21, 533. The New Laws also contains over 100 edicts from 535 to the death of Justinian, but most of these edicts, written in Greek, have been passed down to the present day in privately written versions.

The most extensive of these is the Discourses, which is divided into 50 books, and each book, except for books 30, 31, and 32, is divided into chapters, and each chapter is a collection of legal texts excerpted from the writings of legal scholars. The total number of legal texts is 9,142, with the most frequently quoted texts by Ulpian accounting for about one-third of the total, followed by those by Paul, which account for about one-sixth. In addition, seven other authors, Scaevola, Pomponius, Julian, Marcian, Javorenus, Africanus, and Marcellus, have adopted texts totaling 2,470, accounting for more than one-quarter of the total.

Although all of these were compiled as current laws at the time, they have immortal value as monuments to Roman legal culture and as historical documents.

[Yuge Tatsuya]

"Roman Law, Volume 1, by Kyoji Funada (1968, Iwanami Shoten)""The State and State Thought of the Romans, by E. Meyer, translated by Isshu Suzuki (1978, Iwanami Shoten)"

[References] | Justinian's Code

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東ローマ皇帝ユスティニアヌス1世が命じて編纂(へんさん)させた一大法典。『勅法集』Codex Iustinianus、『学説集』Digesta(またはPandectae)、『法学提要』Institutionesおよび『新勅法』Novellaeを総称するが、この四者をまとめてこのように称することはユスティニアヌスが定めたことではなく、1583年にゴトフレドゥスがこれら4種を刊行したときに初めてつけられた名称で、『教会法大全』corpus iuris canoniciと対示された。『勅法集』は534年の公布(ユスティニアヌス法典)。『学説集』は530年の勅法で編纂を命ぜられ、533年12月16日の勅法で公布された。『法学提要』は533年11月21日の勅法によって公布された初学者のための教科書である。また『新勅法』は535年からユスティニアヌスの死までの勅法百数十を収録するが、大部分ギリシア語で記されたこれらの勅法は私撰(しせん)のものが今日に伝えられている。

 これらのうちもっとも膨大なものが『学説集』で、50巻に分かれ、30、31、32巻を除いて各巻は章に分かれ、各章に法学者らの著書から抜粋した法文が並べられる。法文総数は9142、もっとも多く引用されたウルピアヌスの法文は全巻の約3分の1を占め、次にパウルスのものが約6分の1を占める。このほかスカエウォラ、ポンポニウス、ユリアヌス、マルキアヌス、ヤウォレヌス、アフリカヌスおよびマルケルスの7人から採用されたものが合計2470で、全体の約4分の1以上を占める。

 これらはいずれも当時の現行法として編纂されたものであるが、ローマ法律文化の記念塔としても歴史の史料としても不滅の価値がある。

[弓削 達]

『船田享二著『ローマ法』第一巻(1968・岩波書店)』『E・マイヤー著、鈴木一州訳『ローマ人の国家と国家思想』(1978・岩波書店)』

[参照項目] | ユスティニアヌス法典

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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