Autosome

Japanese: autosome

…This chromosome was discovered in the spotted stink bug by HV Henking in 1891, but it was CEM McClung (1902) who first pointed out that it plays an important role in sex determination, studying the chromosomes of grasshoppers. Sex chromosomes differ in their staining and behavior from other autosomes, and in higher animals in particular, they show abnormal condensation during the interphase and prophase of nuclear division. When females have the same type (homo) and males have the different type (hetero) based on the morphology of the sex chromosomes, the different chromosome in the male is called the Y chromosome, and the same type chromosome that exists in both sexes is called the X chromosome. …

From [Chromosomes]

…(2) Sex chromosomes and autosomes When there are two types of chromosomes associated with sex, they are called sex chromosomes. In contrast, homologous chromosomes that show no difference between the sexes are called autosomes. (3) B chromosomes and A chromosomes Chromosomes that consist only of heterochromatin are called B chromosomes, or supernumerary chromosomes. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "autosome" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この染色体は1891年ヘンキングH.V.Henkingによってホシカメムシで発見されたが，それが性決定に重要な役割を果たすことを最初に指摘したのは，バッタ類の染色体を研究したマックラングC.E.McClung(1902)である。　性染色体は，それ以外の常染色体autosomeと比較してその染色性や行動がことなり，とくに高等動物では核分裂の間期や前期で異常凝縮などがみられる。性染色体の形態から雌が同型(ホモ)で，雄が異型(ヘテロ)の染色体をもつとき，雄にある異型染色体をY染色体，雌雄双方に存在する同型の染色体をX染色体とよぶ。…