Ryle, Sir Martin

Japanese: ライル(英語表記)Ryle, Sir Martin
Ryle, Sir Martin
Born: September 27, 1918, England
[Died] October 14, 1984. British astronomer from Cambridge. Graduated from Oxford University. Worked for the government's telecommunications department during World War II (1939-45). After the war, he was a researcher at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge (1945-48), a lecturer in physics (1948-59), and a professor of astronomy (1959). During that time, he was director of the Mullard Observatory (1957). He was director of the Greenwich Observatory (1952). He was a member of the Royal Society (1952). Making use of his wartime radar research, he designed and built radio telescopes after the war, completing a radio telescope with an aperture equivalent to 1.6 km in the mid-1960s. He led systematic observations of radio sources not only inside and outside the solar system but also outside the galaxy, and contributed to the development of radio astronomy, including the discovery of quasars and the precise determination of the positions of pulsars. He was knighted in 1966 and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974.

Lyle
Ryle, Gilbert

Born: August 19, 1900, Brighton
[Died] October 6, 1976.
British philosopher. Professor at Oxford University. A central figure in the school of ordinary language. He argued that the mission of philosophy is to regulate various concepts logically, that is, not to create new knowledge but to revise the logical map of existing knowledge. He also argued that philosophical dilemmas can only be resolved through the analysis and arrangement of the concepts that compose them, and that the mind-body problem that has existed since Descartes is due to a misidentification of the categories to which concepts belong. His major works are The Concept of Mind (1949) and Dilemmas (54). He is the editor-in-chief of the philosophical journal Mind.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1918.9.27. イングランド
[没]1984.10.14. ケンブリッジ
イギリスの天文学者。オックスフォード大学卒業。第2次世界大戦中は政府の電気通信関係の部局に勤務 (1939~45) 。戦後ケンブリッジ大学キャベンディッシュ研究所研究員 (45~48) ,同大学物理学講師 (48~59) ,同天文学教授 (59) 。その間マラード天文台台長に就任 (57) 。グリニッジ天文台台長 (72) 。ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員 (52) 。戦時中のレーダ研究を生かして,戦後は電波望遠鏡の設計,製作を手がけ,1960年代中期には口径 1.6km相当の電波望遠鏡を完成。太陽系内外にとどまらず,遠く銀河系外に存在する電波源の組織的観測を指揮し,クエーサーの発見,パルサーの精密位置決定などをはじめとして,電波天文学の発展に貢献した。 66年ナイトの称号を贈られた。 74年ノーベル物理学賞を受賞。

ライル
Ryle, Gilbert

[生]1900.8.19. ブライトン
[没]1976.10.6.
イギリスの哲学者。オックスフォード大学教授。日常言語学派の中心的人物。哲学の使命は諸種の概念を論理的に規制すること,すなわち新しい知識を生み出すことではなく,既有の知識の論理的地図を改定することであると主張。哲学上のディレンマも,それを構成する概念の分析整理を通してのみ解消しうるとし,特にデカルト以来の身心問題も概念の属する範疇誤認によるものとした。主著『精神の概念』 The Concept of Mind (1949) ,『ディレンマ』 Dilemmas (54) 。哲学雑誌『マインド』の編集責任者。

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