Pisa Cathedral - Duomo di Pisa

Japanese: ピサ大聖堂 - ぴさだいせいどう(英語表記)Duomo di Pisa
Pisa Cathedral - Duomo di Pisa

This is a representative example of the Pisan Romanesque style in the city of Pisa in the Tuscany region of central Italy. Generally, cathedrals are built in the center of a city, but here it was built using a large area on the outskirts, which helps to emphasize the monumental character of this building.

The ensemble of buildings, consisting of the nave, the campanile (bell tower, commonly known as the Tower of Pisa), the baptistery and the camposanto (tomb chamber), maintains a harmonious and unified structure despite the centuries of construction, due to the use of the same materials (white and polychrome marble) and the repetition of certain architectural designs. Construction of the nave dates back to 1063, but the present plan retains almost the same original design by Buscate, with the exception of the addition of three coffered bays at the western end of the nave. The western facade was completed by Rainald in the 13th century, but the entire cathedral was not completed until the 14th century. The plan consists of a five-aisled nave, a three-aisled transept and an apse, with a small cupola at the intersection of the nave and the transept. While the ceilings of the transepts are all cross vaulted, the nave has a timber-framed ceiling in the tradition of basilicas. The rhythmic exterior composition of the striped pattern of polychrome marble on the exterior walls and the blind arches, as well as the design of the semicircular arches and colonnades that decorate the arcade above the main entrance, are in a style unique to northern Italy (Pisan Romanesque).

The baptistery, which stands opposite the nave, is Romanesque in style with a semicircular vault over a cylindrical wall, but the Gothic decoration surrounding the upper part of the exterior wall was done by Nicola Pisano and his son Giovanni Pisano in the late 13th century. The Campanile, known as the Leaning Tower, was started in 1173, but the tower became tilted due to a collapse of the ground during construction. However, construction continued as it was, and the work was completed in the late 14th century when the bell tower on the top floor was made vertical.

[Katsuya Hamatani]

[References] | Pisa
Pisa Cathedral
The accompanying bell tower (campanile) is famous as the "Leaning Tower of Pisa." The exterior is decorated with white and colored marble, and is surrounded by arches. The plan is a Latin cross shape with a transept with an apse on each side. Designed by Buscate, 1063-14th century. Part of the World Heritage Site "Pisa Cathedral" (Italy, registered in 1987 and 2007). Pisa, Italy ©Masashi Tanaka ">

Pisa Cathedral


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア中部、トスカナ地方の都市ピサにある、ピサ式ロマネスク様式の代表的建造物。一般に大聖堂は都市の中心部に建てられるのが普通であるが、ここでは郊外の広い地域を利用して建てられており、それがこの建造物のモニュメンタルな性格を強調するのに役だっている。

 本堂、カンパニーレ(鐘塔。「ピサの斜塔」の通称で有名)、洗礼堂およびカンポサント(墓室)からなる建築群が、造営期間が数世紀にわたっているにもかかわらず、全体の調和と統一に破綻(はたん)をみせないのは、同一資材(白色大理石と多色大理石)の使用と、一定の建築的デザインの繰り返しによるためである。本堂の起工は1063年にさかのぼるが、現在の平面プランには当初のブスケートによる設計がほとんどそのまま残されていて、わずかに身廊の西端に三つの格間(ベイ)が追加されているのみである。西側正面は13世紀にライナルドによって完成されたが、大聖堂全体の工事の完了は14世紀であった。平面プランは五廊式身廊、三廊式翼廊およびアプスから成り立ち、身廊と翼廊の交差部には小さなクーポラ(椀(わん)を伏せた形の屋根)が架せられている。翼廊の天井がすべて交差ボールトであるのに対し、身廊のそれはバシリカ式聖堂の伝統に連なる木骨天井である。外壁の多色大理石による縞(しま)模様と盲アーチによるリズミカルな外観構成や、正面玄関上のアーケードを装う半円アーチと列柱のデザインは、北部イタリア固有の様式(ピサ式ロマネスク)である。

 本堂の正面と向き合って建つ洗礼堂は、円筒形の壁体に半円ボールトを架したロマネスク様式であるが、外壁上部を取り巻くゴシック様式の装飾は、13世紀後半にニコラ・ピサーノとジョバンニ・ピサーノ父子によって行われた。斜塔の名で知られるカンパニーレは1173年に起工されたが、工事の途中地盤の陥没で傾斜したものである。しかしそのまま工事が進められ、14世紀後期に、最上階の鐘楼部を垂直にして工事が完了した。

[濱谷勝也]

[参照項目] | ピサ
ピサ大聖堂
付設する鐘塔(カンパニーレ)が「ピサの斜塔」として有名。外面を白大理石と色大理石で飾り、列拱を巡らす。アプス付きの袖廊を両翼に有するラテン十字形プラン。ブスケート設計 1063年~14世紀 世界文化遺産「ピサのドゥオモ広場」の一部(イタリア・1987、2007年登録) イタリア ピサ©Masashi Tanaka">

ピサ大聖堂


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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