A plucked string instrument of the lute family. Also called uke. Since 1879, when J. A. Goncalves, a Portuguese immigrant from Madeira, introduced three types of guitars (originally called machetes), large, medium and small, each one has been modified while contributing to the establishment of a new Hawaiian music style. The small one is the most familiar by the Hawaiian name ukulele (uku = small, flea; lele = to jump). This can be interpreted as being due to its similarity to the ukeke bow, one of the traditional Hawaiian instruments, and its easy portability. The four strings were previously made of gut (or occasionally metal), but are now mostly nylon, and are usually tuned A 5 - D 5 - F 5 - B 5 (or transposed). With this tuning, basic triads can be produced with simple fingering on the frets, so it has become popular as an instrument for harmonic accompaniment, and is used in other Oceanian islands, the Americas, and Japan. In professional virtuoso performances, complex melodies and rhythms are also incorporated. [Osamu Yamaguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
リュート属の撥弦(はつげん)楽器。ユークukeともいう。1879年にポルトガル領のマデイラ諸島からのハワイ移民J・A・ゴンサルベスらが大中小3種のギター(原名マシェティ)を導入して以来、新しいハワイ音楽様式の確立に加担しつつ、それぞれが変形されてきた。なかでも小形のものがハワイ語の名称ウクレレ(ウク=ちび、蚤(のみ)。レレ=はねる)によりもっとも親しまれている。それはハワイの伝統楽器の一つ楽弓ウケケとの類似性、および手軽に携帯できることによると解釈できる。4本の弦は、以前はガット(まれには金属)、現在はほとんどナイロンで、A5―D5―F5―B5(またはその移調)に調弦するのが普通である。この調弦では基本的な三和音がフレット上の簡単な指づかいで出せるので、和声伴奏の楽器として普及し、他のオセアニア諸島、アメリカ大陸、日本でも使われている。プロの名人芸では、複雑な旋律やリズムもくふうされている。 [山口 修] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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