…Its shape resembles an amphitheater (Latin circus), and is called a cirque in English and French. A ridge where the cirques meet back-to-back forms a jagged, narrow ridge (knife ridge), and is called a grat or an arête. A mountain peak surrounded by three or more cirques forms a pyramid shape, and is called a horn. … From [Erosion]...the steep cirque walls that surround the ring are formed by the base being gouged out by glaciers, and the walls being subjected to intense frost erosion and mechanical weathering. The rock ridge between the two cirques becomes a sawtooth glacial ridge lined with sharp rock towers and needle-like peaks. Where three or more cirques intersect, a pyramidal horn like the Matterhorn is formed. From [Glacial Landforms]...Because the bottom of the cirque is formed almost at the snow line, the height of the cirque bottom formed during the ice age can be used to estimate the height of the snow line at that time. A ridgeline with steep cirque walls on both sides becomes a thin ridge (arête (French) or Grat (German)), and where it is surrounded by cirque walls on three sides, a sharp peak called a Horn (German) or aiguille (French), famous for the Matterhorn, is formed. From the bottom of the cirque to the downstream, a glacial valley with a U-shaped cross section continues. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "arête" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…形態が円形競技場(ラテン語circus)に似ており,英・仏語ではcirqueという。圏谷が背中合せとなる稜線はぎざぎざなやせ尾根(ナイフ・リッジ)となり,グラートGrat,アレートarêteなどと呼ばれる。三つ以上の圏谷に囲まれた山頂は角錐形となり,ホルンと呼ばれる。… 【浸食作用】より…環状に取り巻く急な圏谷壁は基部が氷河でえぐられ,壁面に激しく霜による浸食,機械的風化が加えられて生ずる。二つの圏谷に挟まれた岩稜は,鋭い岩塔や針状峰が並ぶ鋸歯状の氷食山稜arêteとなる。三つ以上の圏谷の切り合う所には,マッターホルンのような角錐状の尖峰(ホルンHorn)を生ずる。… 【氷河地形】より…カール底はほぼ雪線の高さに形成されるので,氷期に形成された圏谷底高度から当時の雪線高度を推定することができる。急なカール壁を両側にもつ稜線は瘦せ尾根(アレートarête(フランス語)あるいはグラートGrat(ドイツ語))となり,三方からカール壁に囲まれるところには,マッターホルンで有名なホルンHorn(ドイツ語)あるいはエギーユaiguille(フランス語)と呼ばれる鋭峰が形成される。 カール底から下流部へは横断面形がU字形をした氷食谷(U字谷)が続く。… ※「arête」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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