This is a form in which a complex number is represented using absolute value and argument, and is also called polar representation. If complex number z is represented by a point P on the complex plane, then the distance r = OP from P to the origin is equal to | z |. Furthermore, if the angle that OP makes with the real axis is θ, then x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ hold. From this equation, we can write z = r (cos θ + i sin θ). Furthermore, if we use Euler's formula, we get z = re i θ . This is called the polar form of complex number z . r is the absolute value of z , and θ is the argument of z . Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
複素数を絶対値と偏角を用いて表わした形のことで,極表示ともいわれる。複素数 z を複素数平面上の一点Pで表わすと,Pから原点までの距離 r=OP は,|z| に等しい。また,OPが実軸となす角を θ とすれば,x=r cos θ ,y=r sin θ が成り立つ。この方程式から,z=r( cos θ+i sin θ) と書ける。さらに,オイラーの公式を使えば,z=reiθ となる。これを複素数 z の極形式という。 r は z の絶対値,θ は z の偏角である。
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