…In some algae and fungi, bryophytes, and vascular plants, haploid spores are produced by meiosis in spore mother cells, while in other cases, haploid or diploid spores are produced by somatic division. In plants that have alternation of generations, the sporophyte is replaced by a spore and then a gametophyte, but in some cases, a part of the sporophyte becomes a gametophyte by apospory without going through spores. In plants that have apogamy, spores are produced either without meiosis or, if they are, the chromosomes are doubled and they have the same nuclear phase as the sporophyte, and the gametophyte that results from them also has the same nuclear phase. … From [Apomixis]...In angiosperms, parthenogenesis by cells other than the egg cells of the embryo sac (examples include the Chinese leopard plant, which develops from synergid cells, and Chinese chives, which develop from antipodal cells) is sometimes called meiotic apogamy. Apogamy is a fairly common phenomenon in ferns, and in this case, apospory is seen in the sporophyte. In other words, since there is no reduction in the number of chromosomes during the process of spore formation, a gametophyte (prothallus) with the same nuclear phase as the sporophyte is produced, and the sporophyte is produced parthenogenetically there. ... *Some terminology explanations that mention "apospory" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…藻類と菌類の一部,コケ植物,維管束植物では胞子母細胞が減数分裂して単相の胞子ができ,その他の場合では体細胞分裂によって単相または複相の胞子ができる。世代交代を行う植物では胞子体から胞子を経て配偶体に交代するが,胞子を経ずに無胞子生殖aposporyによって胞子体の一部が配偶体になる場合もある。またアポガミー(無配生殖)を行う植物では,胞子がつくられるとき減数分裂しないか,しても染色体の倍化も起こり,胞子体と同じ核相をもつようになり,それからできる配偶体も同じ核相である。… 【無配生殖】より…また被子植物で,胚囊の卵細胞以外の細胞の単為生殖による場合(助細胞から発生するヒナノシャクジョウや反足細胞から発生するニラなどの例がある)を生殖的無配生殖meiotic apogamyということがある。シダ植物では無配生殖はかなり普遍的な現象であり,この場合,胞子体で無胞子生殖aposporyがみられる。すなわち胞子形成の過程で染色体数の減数はみられないので,胞子体と同じ核相の配偶体(前葉体)が生じ,そこで単為的に胞子体がつくられるのである。… ※「apospory」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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