ankh

Japanese: ankh
ankh

…Also, JHS (short for JHESUS), which was used from the late Middle Ages, is a similar type. Next, the abstract symbols commonly seen are the cross, the crucifix, and various variations of them, such as the swastika, the ankh (a T-shaped cross with a loop on top, an ancient Egyptian symbol), and the Greek T (tau). Concrete symbols include the anchor (which resembles a cross and protects the boat of the faithful), the fish (which is said to come from the combination of the initial letters of the Greek words Iēsous Christos, Theou Uios, Sōtēr, meaning "Son of God, Savior, Jesus Christ," which becomes the fish ichthys, but there are other explanations), and the ram (a sacrificial beast). In the High Middle Ages, the lion, the pelican, the phoenix, the eagle, and the unicorn were added. Grapes and palm trees are used as plant symbols. …

From 【Cross】

…(2) A T-cross, which has a long lower line and a missing upper line, or a Tau cross (or Antoninian cross) because it is the same shape as the Greek letter T (tau). The origin of this cross is said to be the Egyptian cross (or crux ansata), which had a circular handle at the top. In Egypt, it was held in the hands of gods, kings, priests, etc. as the ankh, a symbol of life, and functioned as a talisman that bestowed immortality. It was transmitted from Egypt to Phoenicia and then to all the Semitic peoples, and in Greece it was a symbol of the goddesses Aphrodite and Artemis. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ankh" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…また中世末期から用いられたJHS(イエススJHESUSの略)もこれに類する。 次に,抽象文としてふつうに見られるものは,十字,十字架,およびそれらのさまざまな変化,すなわちまんじ,アンクankh(上に輪のついたT字形十字で,エジプト古来の象徴),ギリシア語のT(タウ)などで,また具象的なものには錨(十字架に似た形でまた信徒の舟を守る意),魚(〈神の子,救い主,イエス・キリスト〉を表すギリシア語Iēsous Christos,Theou Uios,Sōtērの頭文字の組合せが魚ichthysとなるところからであると説明されるが,他の説明もある),羊(犠牲の獣)などがあり,中世盛期になってさらに獅子,ペリカン,フェニックス,鷲,一角獣(ユニコーン)などが加わる。植物象徴としてブドウ,ヤシなどが用いられる。…

【十字】より

…(2)正十字の下方の線が長く,上方の線が欠けているT十字,またはギリシア文字のT(タウ)と同形なのでタウ十字(またはアントニウス十字)とよばれるもの。この十字の起源は,上方に円形の取手のついたエジプト十字(または柄付き十字crux ansata)にあるといわれ,エジプトでは,生命の象徴アンクankhとして神,王,神官などの手に握られていて,不死の生命を与える護符としての機能をもっていた。エジプトからフェニキアに伝わり,さらにセム族全体に広まったもので,ギリシアでは女神アフロディテ,アルテミスの象徴であった。…

※「ankh」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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