A resistor that can change the resistance value in an electric circuit. There are two types: a resistor called a volume control used in communication devices, and a rheostat used to control the current, speed, and voltage of electric motors and generators. [Tadashi Fukino] volumeThe resistance value is changed by moving a slider over the surface of the resistor. The resistor is coated with a mixture of carbon powder and resin binder, baked, and processed into a horseshoe shape, and the resistance value between one end of the resistor and the terminal of the slider changes when the slider connected to the rotating shaft is rotated. Resistors come in wire-wound types, with resistance wires made of nickel-chromium, manganese, etc. wound around them. In the 1990s, elements whose electrical resistance changes with light or magnetism were developed, and contactless variable resistors were made. [Tadashi Fukino] RheostatThere are two types: those that use metal wire and those that use liquid resistance. Metal resistors are made from resistance wire such as a copper-nickel alloy or an iron-based chromium-aluminum alloy. Resistor structures include wire-wound, ribbon, and lattice. The resistance value can be adjusted by winding the resistance wire finely around a porcelain tube, placing a slider (sliding contact) on its outer surface and moving this (in principle, this is the same as a volume), or by having the required number of taps protruding from the middle of the resistance wire and moving the contacts. When changing the resistance value, those that use sliding contacts can be finely adjusted, but tap-type resistors use a stepped method. Tap-type resistors are for medium and large currents and are widely used as field regulators for electric motors and generators, starting resistors for electric motors, and speed control resistors. Liquid resistors have iron or copper electrodes inserted into a solution of sodium carbonate, and the resistance value can be changed continuously by changing the distance between the electrodes or the depth of insertion. They are used, for example, to control the secondary resistance of wound-rotor induction motors. [Naokichi Isobe] [Reference item] |©Shogakukan "> Variable resistor structure and characteristics Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電気回路において抵抗値を変えられる抵抗器。通信機に使われるボリュームとよばれるものと、電動機や発電機の電流、速度、電圧などの制御に用いられるレオスタットとよばれるものとがある。 [吹野 正] ボリューム抵抗体の表面を摺動子(しゅうどうし)を移動させることによって抵抗値を変える構造となっている。抵抗体は炭素粉末と樹脂結合剤の混合物を塗布、焼付けし、馬蹄(ばてい)形に加工してあり、回転軸に連結した摺動子を回転させることにより、抵抗体の一端と摺動子の端子間の抵抗値が変化することになる。抵抗体には、ニッケル‐クロム、マンガンなどの抵抗線を巻き付けた巻線(まきせん)形がある。1990年代には、光や磁気などで電気抵抗が変化する素子が開発され、無接触の可変抵抗器がつくられている。 [吹野 正] レオスタット金属線を用いたものと、液体抵抗を用いたものとがある。金属抵抗器は、銅‐ニッケル合金または鉄を主体としたクロム‐アルミニウム合金などの抵抗線でつくられる。抵抗体の構造には、巻線状、リボン状、格子状などがある。抵抗値の加減には、磁器管に抵抗線を細かく巻き、その外面に摺動子(摺動接点)を置いて、これを移動する方式(原理的にはボリュームと同じである)、抵抗線の途中から必要数のタップを出しておき、その接点を移動する方式などがある。抵抗値を変える場合、摺動接点を用いるものは微調整ができるが、タップ式のものは段階式になる。タップ式は中電流、大電流用で、電動機や発電機の界磁調整器、電動機の始動抵抗、速度制御用抵抗として広く用いられる。 液体抵抗器は、炭酸ソーダの水溶液に鉄系または銅系の電極を挿入し、極間距離または挿入の深さを変えることにより無段階に抵抗値を変えられ、巻線形誘導電動機の二次抵抗制御などに用いられる。 [磯部直吉] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 可変抵抗器の構造と特性 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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