American film director. Born in Mulhouse, France (then part of Germany), he was educated in Lausanne and Paris. He moved to the United States at the age of 20 and entered the film industry, becoming a director in 1925. After making many two-reel westerns, he moved to feature films and soon distinguished himself. He achieved great success with his film adaptations of novels and stage plays, such as Mrs. Peacock (1936), Wuthering Heights (1939), and The False Garden (1941), and won Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director for his films Mrs. Miniver (1942) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), which are based on family dramas depicting the morale of the war and the reintegration of returning soldiers into society, respectively. In many of these films, he employed the renowned cinematographer Gregg Toland (1904-1948), and by utilizing the clear, deep image, he established a new film aesthetic characterized by dense spatial processing, within-shot direction. He went on to show his extraordinary talent in a variety of genres, including the romantic comedy Roman Holiday (1953), the western The Big Wild West (1958), the historical Ben-Hur (1959, winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Director), the thriller The Collector (1965), and the musical Funny Girl (1968), but he was most expressive in the direction of theatrical settings, such as Detective Story (1951), Desperate Fugitive (1955), and The Two Men (1961). [Takaharu Miyamoto] Documents List of Director's Works Lazy Lightning (1926) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの映画監督。フランスのミュルーズ(当時ドイツ領)に生まれ、ローザンヌとパリで教育を受ける。20歳で渡米して映画界に入り、1925年監督となる。二巻ものの西部劇を多く撮ったあと長編に移り、まもなく頭角を現す。『孔雀(くじゃく)夫人』(1936)、『嵐(あらし)が丘』(1939)、『偽りの花園』(1941)といった小説や舞台劇の映画化にみごとな成果をあげ、家庭ドラマを基調にそれぞれ戦意高揚、帰還兵の社会復帰を描いた『ミニヴァー夫人』(1942)、『我等(われら)の生涯の最良の年』(1946)では、アカデミー作品賞・監督賞を受賞。これらの多くで名撮影家グレッグ・トーランドGregg Toland(1904―1948)を起用、その奥行の深い明晰(めいせき)な画面を利用して、密度の高い空間処理を特徴とする、ショット内演出の新しい映画美学を打ち立てた。その後もロマンチック・コメディ『ローマの休日』(1953)、西部劇『大いなる西部』(1958)、歴史もの『ベン・ハー』(1959。アカデミー作品賞・監督賞受賞)、スリラー『コレクター』(1965)、ミュージカル『ファニー・ガール』(1968)など多彩なジャンルに非凡な力量を示したが、『探偵物語』(1951)、『必死の逃亡者』(1955)、『噂(うわさ)の二人』(1961)といった舞台的場面設定の演出にもっとも表現力に富んだ面をみせた。 [宮本高晴] 資料 監督作品一覧稲妻の男 Lazy Lightning(1926) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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