Sacred music flourished in Rome from the mid-16th century to the early 17th century, and its composers. In response to the Protestant Reformation started by Luther in the first half of the 16th century, the Council of Trent (1545-63), which aimed to reform and restructure the Catholic Church, indicated a direction to eliminate polyphony from church music in order to make the lyrics easier to hear. Jacobus de Kerle, a native of Flanders, and others composed exemplary church music in accordance with the Council's guidelines. However, traditional polyphonic techniques were also important in the Papal Chapel, and the question of how to reconcile polyphony with the decisions of the Council became a proposition for Roman composers. Palestrina's (c. 1525-1594) Mass of Pope Marcellus (published in Rome in 1567) is considered a model work of polyphony with clarity of lyrics. This style, especially Palestrina's music, is characterized by a balance between flowing melody and sound, a quiet expression that avoids contrast as much as possible, a way of handling harmony that carefully avoids dissonance, and a relaxed way of singing lyrics. It contrasts with the dramatic music that was being attempted in Venice at the time, and was considered the ideal form of church music, becoming a model for subsequent Roman composers. The Roman School is a style that represents late Renaissance polyphony music, and when the Cecilia movement arose in the 19th century, which sought to restore the purity of church music (Cecilia was the name of a Roman martyr and patron saint of music), it was considered the ideal form of Catholic church music. [Yoshio Miyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
16世紀中ごろから17世紀初頭までのローマで栄えた宗教音楽とその作曲者たち。16世紀前半にルターによって始まった宗教改革に対し、カトリック教会の革新と立て直しを目標にしたトレント公会議(1545~63)では、歌詞をはっきりと聴取させるためにポリフォニー様式を教会音楽から排する方向が示された。フランドル出身のヤコーブス・ド・ケルレらは、公会議の方針に従って模範的教会音楽の試作を行った。 しかし、伝統的なポリフォニー技法は教皇庁礼拝堂でも重視され、ポリフォニーと公会議の決定とをどのように一致させるかが、ローマの作曲家の命題となった。パレストリーナ(1525ころ~94)の『教皇マルチェルスのミサ曲』(1567年ローマ刊)は、歌詞の明瞭(めいりょう)性を伴ったポリフォニーの規範的な作品とみなされている。 この様式、とりわけパレストリーナの音楽は、流れるような旋律美と響きとの均整、対比を極力排した静かな表情、不協和音を慎重に避けた和声の扱い方、ゆったりとした歌詞の歌わせ方に特徴がある。それは、当時ベネチアで試みられていた劇的な性格をもつ音楽とは対照をなすもので、教会音楽の理想的な姿とされ、以後のローマの作曲家たちの範となった。 ローマ楽派は、ルネサンス後期のポリフォニー音楽を代表する様式であり、また19世紀に教会音楽の純粋性を回復しようというチェチーリア運動(チェチーリアはローマ時代の殉教者の名で、音楽の守護聖人)がおこった際、理想的なカトリック教会音楽とされた。 [美山良夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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