Epidural anesthesia

…There are several types of local anesthesia: (1) topical anesthesia, (2) infiltration anesthesia applied to the mucosal surface, (3) local anesthesia in the narrow sense (infiltration injection into the local area), (4) conduction anesthesia (a local anesthetic is injected into the peripheral nerve pathway to block nerve transmission. Also called nerve block), (5) spinal anesthesia (a local anesthetic is injected into the spinal subarachnoid space to block the anterior and posterior spinal roots), and (6) epidural anesthesia (a local anesthetic is injected into the spinal epidural space to block the anterior and posterior spinal roots). The advantages of local anesthesia are that surgery can be performed while the patient is conscious, spontaneous breathing is maintained, reliable analgesia is achieved at the surgical site, and there is suppression of spontaneous movements in the surgical field and suppression of autonomic reflexes due to surgical intrusion. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "epidural anesthesia" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…局所麻酔の種類には，(1)表面麻酔topical anesthesia，(2)粘膜表面に塗布する浸潤麻酔infiltration anesthesia，(3)狭義の局所麻酔(局所に浸潤注射する)，(4)伝達麻酔conduction anesthesia(末梢神経の走行経路に局所麻酔薬を注射して神経伝達を遮断する。神経ブロックnerve blockとも呼ばれる)，(5)脊椎麻酔spinal anesthesia(脊髄くも膜下腔に局所麻酔薬を注入して脊髄前根，後根を遮断する)，(6)硬膜外麻酔epidural anesthesia(脊椎の硬膜外腔に局所麻酔薬を注入して脊髄前根，後根を遮断する)がある。　局所麻酔は，意識下で手術が可能であり，自発呼吸が維持されている，手術部位の確実な鎮痛が得られる，手術野の自発運動の抑制と手術侵害による自律神経反射の抑制などが利点となる。…

※「epidural anesthesia」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報