Rossby (English spelling) Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby

Japanese: ロスビー - ろすびー(英語表記)Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby
Rossby (English spelling) Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby

Swedish-born American meteorologist and oceanographer. Born in Stockholm. After graduating from university in Stockholm, he was invited by V. Bjerknes to study at the Geophysical Institute in Bergen, Norway. In 1926 he moved to the United States and worked for the Meteorological Bureau, later becoming an associate professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1939 he became a naturalized American citizen and became deputy director of the Meteorological Bureau, in charge of the research department. In 1941 he became professor of meteorology at the University of Chicago and a leader of the Chicago School, making many achievements in meteorological dynamics. In his later years he also served as a professor at Stockholm University, founded an international meteorological institute in Stockholm, and launched the meteorological journal Terrace.

His many famous achievements include the invention of the Rossby diagram used in air mass analysis, the law of conservation of absolute vorticity, the discovery of long waves and their mechanisms, the study of the westerly winds, and the study of the jet stream. He also had a major impact on the development of education and research organizations, and is known as the father of modern meteorology.

[Nemoto Junkichi]

[References] | Vorticity | Meteorological dynamics | Air masses | Jet stream | Bjerknes | Westerlies

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スウェーデン生まれのアメリカの気象学者、海洋学者。ストックホルムに生まれる。ストックホルムで大学を卒業し、V・ビャークネスに招かれてノルウェー、ベルゲンの地球物理研究所に学んだ。1926年アメリカに渡って気象局に勤め、のちマサチューセッツ工科大学の準教授となり、1939年にはアメリカに帰化して気象局の副局長となり、研究部門を担当した。1941年からシカゴ大学気象学主任教授、シカゴ学派のリーダーとして気象力学上に多くの業績を残した。晩年はストックホルム大学教授も兼ね、ストックホルムに国際的な気象研究所を設立、気象学雑誌『テラス』を創刊した。

 業績としては、気団解析に用いられるロスビー図の考案、絶対渦度保存の法則、長波の発見とその機構の研究、偏西風の研究、ジェット気流の研究など有名なものが多い。教育や研究組織の整備にも大きな影響を残し、近代気象学の父とよばれている。

[根本順吉]

[参照項目] | 渦度 | 気象力学 | 気団 | ジェット気流 | ビャークネス | 偏西風

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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