Malinowski, Bronisław Kasper

Japanese: マリノフスキー（英語表記）Malinowski， Bronisław Kasper

Born: April 7, 1884 in Krakow
[Died] May 16, 1942, New Haven. British anthropologist born in Poland. Studied physics at the University of Krakow. After graduating, he studied under W. Bunt and K. Bücher at the University of Leipzig. Influenced by Bunt and J. Frazer's The Golden Bough, he decided to study anthropology, and further studied at the University of London. In 1924 he became a lecturer in anthropology at the University of London, and in 1927 he became a professor there. From 1939 he also served as visiting professor at Yale University. During that time, from 1914 to 1918, he conducted field research in northwestern Melanesia, including the Trobriand Islands. He was an advocate of functionalist anthropology, and built the foundations of social anthropology. His major works include Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922), The Dynamics of Culture Change (45), Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays (48), and others, including "Crime and Custom in Savage Society" (26) and "The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia" (29).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1884.4.7. クラクフ
[没]1942.5.16. ニューヘーブン
ポーランド生れのイギリスの人類学者。クラクフ大学で物理学を学ぶ。卒業後，ライプチヒ大学で W.ブント，K.ビューヒャーのもとで学んだ。ブントや J.フレーザーの『金枝篇』に影響されて人類学を志し，さらにロンドン大学で学び，1924年ロンドン大学人類学講師，27年に同教授となり，39年以降はエール大学の客員教授を兼任した。その間 14～18年はトロブリアンド諸島などメラネシアの北西部で実地調査に従事。機能主義人類学を力説し，社会人類学の基礎を築いた。主著『西太平洋の遠洋航海者』 Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922) ，『文化変化の動態』 The Dynamics of Culture Change (45) ，『原始民族の文化』 Magic，Science and Religion and Other Essays (48) ，ほかに"Crime and Custom in Savage Society" (26) ，"The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia" (29) 。

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