Descriptive grammar

Japanese: 記述文法 - きじゅつぶんぽう(英語表記)descriptive grammar
Descriptive grammar
A description of the state of a language at a certain time. Grammar usually includes not only grammar in the narrow sense but also phonology, and is usually used in conjunction with descriptive linguistics as opposed to historical linguistics. However, while descriptive linguistics refers to a general academic field and method, grammar tends to refer to specific descriptions of a specific language or grammars that have been described in this way. Ideally, grammar here refers to the language itself that can be said to exist in the mind of a speaker of the language, and to a description of it as it is, without adding arbitrary values. In this respect, it is in opposition to normative grammar, which determines "right and wrong" for practical purposes.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
一言語のある一時期における状態を記述するもの。文法といっても,狭義の文法論のみならず,音韻論も含めたものであるのが通例で,史的言語学に対する記述言語学と同意に使われるのが普通。ただし,記述言語学が一般的な学問分野・方法をさすのに対し,特定言語の具体的記述ないしそのように記述された文典をさす傾向がある。ここでいう文法とは,理念的には,当該言語の話し手の頭のなかにあるといいうる言語そのもの,およびそれを恣意的な価値観を加えずにありのままに引出して記述したものをいう。この点において,実用的目的から「正・不正」を決める規範文法と対立する。

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