Luzhou

A prefecture-level city in the southern part of Sichuan Province, China. It is located at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Tuojiang River. It governs three city districts and four counties, including Lu County (as of 2016). It has a population of 5,089,000 (2014). It was part of the Ba Kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period, and was called Jiangyang County in the Han Dynasty, Luchuan County in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Luzhou after the Yuan Dynasty. It was called Lu County during the Republic of China period, and in 1950 the city was established by dividing the city district.

Since ancient times, it has been a key location for the defense of the Sichuan Basin, and even today it is located on the highway that connects Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and is also an important river port on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. This transportation network has allowed it to develop as a distribution center for goods such as salt from Zigong, southern Sichuan, northern Guizhou, and northeastern Yunnan. In addition, the area is home to chemical industries such as synthetic ammonia and urea, as well as food and machinery industries such as sugar refining, and natural gas production areas have also been developed nearby. Luzhou Lantian Airport is located along the Yangtze River, but it is scheduled to be relocated to a new airport (scheduled to open in 2018) currently under construction in Lu County. Alcohol production is so thriving that it is called the "City of Wine," and specialty liquors such as "Luzhou Laojiao" and "Langjiu" are famous.

[Kikuo Ono, Editorial Department, August 21, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、四川(しせん)省南部の地級市。揚子江(ようすこう)と沱江(だこう)の合流点に位置する。3市轄区、瀘県など4県を管轄する（2016年時点）。人口508万9000（2014）。春秋時代の巴(は)国の地で、漢代は江陽(こうよう)県、隋(ずい)・唐代は瀘川県、元代以後は瀘州となり、中華民国時代の瀘県を経て1950年城区を分けて市が置かれた。

　古来、四川盆地防衛の要地で、今日も四川省と貴州(きしゅう)省さらに雲南(うんなん)省へと3省を結ぶ自動車道上に位置し、また、揚子江上流の重要河港でもある。この交通網により、自貢(じこう)の塩をはじめとする四川省南部、貴州省北部、雲南省北東部の物資の集散地として発展した。さらに合成アンモニア、尿素などの化学工業を中心に製糖などの食品や機械工業がみられ、付近には天然ガス産地も開発された。揚子江沿いに瀘州藍田空港があるが、瀘県に建設中の新空港（2018年開港予定）に移転される予定である。「酒城」とよばれるほど酒類製造が盛んで、「瀘州老窖(ろうこう)」や「郎酒」などの特産の酒が有名。

［小野菊雄・編集部　2017年8月21日］

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