United Nations Conference on the Human Environment

Japanese: 国連人間環境会議 - こくれんにんげんかんきょうかいぎ(英語表記)United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment

Based on a United Nations General Assembly resolution of 1968, the conference was held in Stockholm in June 1972, bringing together more than 1,200 representatives from 113 countries. At this conference, also known as the Stockholm Conference, under the motto of "our one and only planet," global environmental issues were discussed comprehensively on a global scale for the first time, and the Declaration on the Human Environment, the Programme of Action, and four other resolutions were adopted.

The Declaration on the Human Environment regards the human environment as a comprehensive entity that includes not only the natural environment but also economic development and population issues, and declares principles for protecting and improving the human environment. It states that people have a fundamental right to enjoy a certain environment and an obligation to protect and improve the environment, and that each country has the sovereign right to develop its resources in accordance with its own environmental policies, but is responsible for ensuring that this does not cause damage to other countries or to the environment outside its jurisdiction. It also states that the following are necessary for environmental protection: protection of natural resources, control of harmful substance emissions, prevention of marine pollution, promotion of economic and social development, coordination of development, urbanization, and population policies with environmental protection, promotion of the development and transfer of science and technology for environmental protection, promotion of education on environmental protection, development of international law on compensation for pollution, international cooperation for the protection and improvement of the environment, and efforts to eliminate and destroy nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. The Action Plan provides specific recommendations for international cooperation in the areas of human settlement planning and management, natural resource management, control of pollutants, education, information, and culture on environmental issues, and development and the environment. The resolution proclaimed that an Environmental Programme Governing Council, an Environmental Secretariat, an Environmental Fund and an Environmental Coordinating Committee would be established within the United Nations to implement the Declaration and the Plan of Action, and that the conference's date, June 5, would be designated as World Environment Day. In the same year, the UN General Assembly decided to establish an international organization called the United Nations Environment Programme.

[Haruo Sawabe]

[References] | Environmental Issues | United Nations Environment Programme [Supplementary Materials] | Declaration on the Human Environment

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1968年の国連総会決議に基づき、72年6月にストックホルムで、113か国から1200人以上の代表を集めて開かれた。ストックホルム会議ともよばれるこの会議では、「かけがえのない地球」を合いことばに、世界の環境問題が初めて世界的規模で総合的に議論され、人間環境宣言、行動計画、その他四つの決議が採択された。

 人間環境宣言は、人間環境を自然環境のみならず、経済開発問題や人口問題などを含む総合的なものとしてとらえ、人間環境の保護と改善に関する原則を宣言している。それは、人は一定の環境を享受する基本的権利と、環境を保護・改善する義務を有するとし、各国は自国の環境政策に従ってその資源を開発する主権的権利を有するが、それが他国または国家の管轄権外の環境に損害を与えないようにする責任があると指摘するとともに、環境保護のために次のことが必要だと述べている。天然資源の保護、有害物質の排出規制、海洋汚染の防止、経済・社会発展の促進、開発・都市化・人口政策と環境保護との調整、環境保護のための科学技術の開発・移転の促進、環境保護に関する教育の推進、汚染に対する補償に関する国際法の発展、環境の保護と改善のための国際協力、核兵器その他の大量破壊兵器の除去・破棄のための努力など。行動計画では、人間居住の計画と管理、天然資源管理、汚染物質の規制、環境問題の教育・情報・文化、開発と環境の諸分野について、国際協力に関する具体的な勧告が示されている。決議では、宣言および行動計画を実施するために国連内に環境計画管理理事会、環境事務局、環境基金、環境調整委員会を設置すること、この会議の開催日6月5日を世界環境デーとすることなどを宣している。同年の国連総会は、国連環境計画という国際機構の設立を決定した。

[佐分晴夫]

[参照項目] | 環境問題 | 国連環境計画[補完資料] | 人間環境宣言

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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