Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

Japanese: トルドー（英語表記）Trudeau， Pierre Elliott

Born October 18, 1919 in Montreal
Died: September 28, 2000. Montreal Canadian politician. Studied law at the University of Montreal, political science and economics at Harvard, Paris and the London School of Economics. From 1951 to 1961, he worked as a lawyer in Montreal while also engaging in political activities. He co-founded and edited the newspaper Cité Libre, and was a driving force behind Quebec's Quiet Revolution in the 1960s. From 1961 to 1965, he was an associate professor at the University of Montreal, lecturing on the constitution and civil liberties. In 1965, he entered politics as a Liberal member of the House of Commons, and in 1967, he became Minister of Justice to L. Pearson. In 1968, he became leader of the Liberal Party and Prime Minister. Although he lost power to the Progressive Conservative Party in 1979, he returned to power the following year in 1980 and remained in power for a total of 16 years until his retirement from politics in 1984. During this time, he fought against separatism and tried to realize a strong federal government in a dramatic situation, such as the enactment of the Official Languages Act in 1969, the October Crisis in 1970 (the implementation of the Emergency Act in response to the kidnapping and murder of the Minister of Justice by the Quebec Liberation Front), the Quebec Referendum in 1980, and the transfer of the Constitution in 1982. His achievements can be said to be the highlight of 20th century Canada, but he was also criticized for the deterioration of relations with the United States, the increase in the budget deficit, and the deterioration of federal-provincial relations. Even after his retirement from politics in 1984, he actively spoke out in the constitutional reform debates such as the Meech Lake Constitutional Agreement and the Charlottetown Constitutional Agreement, and influenced the trend of public opinion. His main works are "Federalism and the French Canadians" (1968), "Les Cheminements de la Politique" (70), and "Conversation with Canadians" (72).

Trudeau
Trudeau, Justin

Born: December 25, 1971, Ottawa. Canadian politician. Prime Minister (in office since 2015). Full name: Justin Pierre James Trudeau. His father was Pierre Trudeau, who served as prime minister for many years. When he was six years old, his parents divorced, and he was raised by his father, who became a single parent. After studying at Collège Jean Brebeuf in Montreal, he obtained a bachelor's degree in English literature from McGill University in 1994. He also worked as a snowboarding instructor while obtaining a bachelor's degree in education from the University of British Columbia in 1998. He then became a teacher in Vancouver. In 2000, at the age of 28, he received national attention for the moving eulogy he gave at his father's funeral. In 2002, he returned to Quebec and studied engineering at the University of Montreal and environmental geography at McGill University. During that time, he worked at a radio station in Montreal, and from 2002 to 2006, he served as president of Katimavik, a national youth volunteer organization founded by his father in 1977. He ran for office as a candidate for the Liberal Party of Canada in the 2008 federal election and was elected. He was re-elected in 2011 and worked as a spokesman for the Liberal Party on issues such as youth and multiculturalism, immigration and citizenship, and amateur sports. In 2013, he was elected leader of the Liberal Party, and since then, he has worked to restore the party's strength. In the 2015 federal election, he defeated Stephen Harper's Conservative Party and became Prime Minister.

Trudeau
Trudeau, Garry

Born: July 21, 1948. New York, New York. American cartoonist. Studied at Yale University and Yale School of Art and Architecture. While a student in 1968, he began drawing "Bull Tales," a comic strip that mocked student life for the school newspaper, which was serialized in the "Yale Daily News" and attracted attention. In 1970, he renamed it "Doonsbury" and serialized it in a general newspaper, where it became popular, and in 1975 it became the first comic strip to win a Pulitzer Prize. A diverse cast of characters appeared against the backdrop of drugs, the Vietnam War, the Watergate Scandal, and other topics, reflecting the social climate of the time.

Trudeau
Trudeau, Edward Livingston

Born: October 5, 1848 in New York
[Died] November 15, 1915, Saranac Lake. An American physician and pioneer in tuberculosis research. He opened a practice in New York in 1872, but soon fell ill with pulmonary tuberculosis and began his battle with the disease in the Adirondack Mountains. In 1884, he opened the Adirondack Cottage Sanatorium (later the Trudeau Sanatorium), and was the first in America to practice open-air therapy. In 1894, he founded the Saranac Institute, America's first tuberculosis research institute.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1919.10.18. モントリオール
[没]2000.9.28. モントリオール
カナダの政治家。モントリオール大学で法学，ハーバード，パリ，ロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクスの各大学で政治学，経済学を学ぶ。 1951～61年モントリオールで弁護士をするかたわら政治活動に従事。『シテ・リーブル』紙を共同創刊，編集し，1960年代におけるケベックの「静かな革命」を導く原動力となった。 61～65年モントリオール大学准教授となって憲法，市民の自由権などについて講義。 65年自由党下院議員として政界に入り，67年 L.ピアソン内閣法相。 68年自由党党首，首相。以後，79年に進歩保守党に政権を奪われたものの翌 80年には返り咲き，84年の政界引退まで計 16年間政権の座にあった。この間に，69年の公用語法の制定，70年の 10月危機 (ケベック解放戦線による法相誘拐殺人に対する非常事態法の発動) ，80年のケベック州民投票，82年の憲法移管と，きわめてドラマチックな状況にあって，終始分離主義に対抗して強力な連邦政府の実現に努めた。その功績は 20世紀カナダにおいて白眉ともいえるが，対米関係の悪化，財政赤字の増大，連邦・州関係の悪化など批判されるところも多かった。 84年の政界引退後も，ミーチ湖憲法協定あるいはシャーロッテタウン憲法協定に見られた改憲論議において積極的に発言し，国民世論の動向に影響を及ぼした。主著"Federalism and the French Canadians" (1968) ，"Les Cheminements de la Politique" (70) ，"Conversation with Canadians" (72) 。

トルドー
Trudeau, Justin

[生]1971.12.25. オタワ
カナダの政治家。首相（在任 2015～　）。フルネーム Justin Pierre James Trudeau。父は長年にわたり首相を務めたピエール・トルドー。6歳の時に両親が離婚し，ひとり親となった父親に育てられた。モントリオールのカレッジ・ジャン・ブレブフ校で学んだのち，1994年マギル大学で英文学の学士号を取得。また，スノーボードのインストラクターとして働きながら 1998年ブリティシュコロンビア大学で教育学士号を取得。その後，バンクーバーで教職についた。2000年，28歳のときに父親の葬儀で述べた追悼の辞が感動的だとして，国中の注目を集めた。2002年，ケベック州に戻り，モントリオール大学で工学を，またマギル大学で環境地理学を学んだ。その間モントリオールのラジオ局で働き，2002～06年には父親が 1977年に設立した全国的な青年ボランティア組織「カティマビク」の理事長を務めた。2008年の総選挙でカナダ自由党から立候補して当選。2011年再選され，自由党のスポークスマンとして，若者と多文化主義，移民と市民権などの問題やアマチュアスポーツの分野で活躍した。2013年，自由党党首に選出され，以来，自由党の党勢の回復に努めた。2015年の総選挙でスティーブン・ハーパー率いる保守党に勝利し，首相に就任した。

トルドー
Trudeau， Garry

[生]1948.7.21. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
アメリカの漫画家。エール大学，エール芸術建築大学で学ぶ。在学中の 1968年，学内新聞に学生生活を茶化したコミック・ストリップ"Bull Tales"を描き始め，これが"Yale Daily News"に連載されて注目を浴びる。 1970年さらにこれを"Doonsbury"と改題して一般新聞に連載して人気を呼び，1975年コミック・ストリップとしては最初のピュリッツァー賞を受賞。多彩な人物が麻薬，ベトナム戦争，ウォーターゲート事件などを背景に登場し，当時の世相を反映した。

トルドー
Trudeau， Edward Livingston

[生]1848.10.5. ニューヨーク
[没]1915.11.15. サラナックレイク
アメリカの医師，結核研究の先駆者。 1872年，ニューヨークで開業したが，まもなく肺結核にかかり，アディロンダック山中で闘病生活に入った。その体験から 84年，アディロンダック・コテジ・サナトリウム (のちのトルドー・サナトリアム) を開設，アメリカで初めて外気自然療法を実施した。さらに 94年，アメリカ最初の結核研究所であるサラナック研究所を創設した。

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